Tips for Succcessful Essay Writing :: Education

Tips for Succcessful Essay Writing Being able to write a good act does not come easy to the bulk of current English students. The ability to excel in writing is not always something we can easily learn. Talented writers have the capability to reach into their mortal and write from the heart. However, everyone does not possess this remarkable gift. Most of us struggle to achieve a level of adequate writing. Writing takes intense time and more thought to develop a well-planned essay. Bringing together all aspects of writing, such as good descriptions, a proper structure, a good inlet and a clever epithet will give the audience a clear picture of what pulls an essay good. Believe it or not, titles play an important role in the writing process. How many times have you flipped through a magazine and stopped only because you saw a title of an article that interested you. The title announces the topic clearly and as briefly as possible, as in the essay Unlikely Learning. This essay d eals with unlikely situations that you are placed in, because of your amply school courses. The title of this essay would be considered a descriptive title. The other type of title is a suggestive title. This type of title is primarily apply in an informal writing. The title, The Value of Honesty, in our eyes, would be an example of a suggestive title. It describes the attitude of the author but not the exact topic. Yes, the essay is about honesty, but it is also about truthfulness. The title of an essay should not be the assignment given, or to restate the thesis, but it should attract the reader and make them want to read on. An introduction, in simple words, glves a background to the topic. It is one of the most important parts of the essay because it keeps the readers interest of what they are about to read. The introduction will make the readers feel that what the essay is about will be of importance and interest to them. The thesis disapprobation is stated in the introduct ion. It is the one sentence that will tell the readers what the whole essay is about. The introduction is not very long but it is clear, precise, and to the point. A good introduction can either pose with a quote or ask questions. It can also contaln opinion words to either agree or dispute the topic of the writing.

Transgender Students and the Learning Process Essay -- Essays Papers

Trans sexuality Students and the Learning Process Introduction Identity is a key constituent of an individual in the society. Identity often is skewed despite the rhetorical statement You are who you are. However, many times a society unconsciously attempts to persuade the identities of individuals into homogenous products. The important thing is not to let yourself prejudge individuals or acts of people because this creates an assumption that brings a stigma against the individual. Transgender people face the difficult contend of being accepted into society because they either do not fit a traditional gender assignment to their sex, or they are not unstrained to specify a particular gender recognized by society. The court part that I will use to explore transgender identity is Doe v. Yunits. The case of Pat Doe v. John Yunits involves a young, transgender student disciplined by school authorities. The school deems to be an authority on a psyches dress attire while attend ing school. The court goes through a series of deductions testing the granting immunity of expression, liberty in appearance, and the application of sex-class discrimination. While the control of the case brings awareness of the existence of transgendered people, it is stigmatized by a dominant culture whose basis of the legal system protects proscribed gender identities rather than the protection of freedom of choosing multiple identities. Additionally, the court deemed that Pat Doe has a medical condition that requires her to wear womens garments. The medical condition called Gender Identity Disorder speaks volumes virtually how society treats unrecognized differences when it comes to diagnosing a gender expression. The information of the court case allows you to get em... ...aggy jeans and a white-beater is day he fails to uphold her true gender identity. Judith Butler in Steins article best describes this as Drawing upon the queer practices of drag, cross-dressing, and butch-femme, she Butler develops a conception of gender as performance, and of gender parodies as subverter acts(Stein 181). My question that comes out of queer analysis and the Doe v. Yunits, Why do people need to perform a gender act? Is it to assert a type of sexuality, sexual orientation, and or rather stereotyped one? Is a transgender person better to perform a gender act that is understood? If the transgender person performs an act contrary to gender they choose, is the person a hypocrite? Is my gender controlling me or I am taking charge of my gender? I hope have attempted to rock your thoughts and perceptions, and perhaps even fuck with your gender.

Analysis of Arby’s Sports Illustrated Advertisement Essay -- Sexual Im

Sexual imagery has been used in advertising for a long time with a great deal of success. With the ever-increasing difficulty of advertisers to elevate the attention of the media consumer, the use of both effective and ineffective sexual imagery has flourished in recent years. Some products such as perfume and clothing argon relatively easy to sell with sexual imagery. Companies selling products such as fast food, however, must be more creative with their use of sexual imagery. Arbys Roast Beef Restaurant took such a creative approach with its full-page advertisement in the 2009 Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue. The ad featured two of Arbys soon-to-be released Roastburger sandwiches covered by a models crossed arms. The burgers were positioned side-by-side in the upper third of the ad, with the models arms crossed at the wrists at virtually the center of the ad. The models hands were positioned in such a way that they covered a majority of the two burgers, but left wi ng some of the top and bottom of each burger visible. The models arms extended out of the print area of the ad and no other segment of the models body was visible. In the lower quarter of the ad was a bright red text box that extended from the left acuteness of the ad across to the Arbys logo at the right edge of the ad. The minimal amount of white text in the box contained the headline, Were about to reveal something youll really drool over, (Rovell, 2009). The remaining copy text acknowledged that Arbys was teasing the viewer with a glimpse of the burgers, but that the viewer would conduct to wait until it was released in March 2009 (Rovell, 2009) to see the whole thing. Although anything but a cursory glance at the ad shows nothing more than a braces of... ...eef Restaurant http//www.arbys.com/about/values.phpCNBC. (2010, January 28). The Business Behind the SI Swimsuit Issue. Retrieved January 31, 2010, from CNBC http//www.cnbc.com/id/34828908?slide=2Echo Media. (2 005). Sports Illustrated Magazine. Retrieved January 28, 2010, from Echo Media http//www.echo-media.com/mediadetail.asp?IDNumber=4489Henthorne, T. L., & LaTour, M. S. (1995). A Model to Explore the Ethics of tingling Stimuli in Print Advertising. Retrieved January 30, 2010, from Research Library http//www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/BF00871984Rovell, D. (2009, February 11). Arbys Scores In Swimsuit Issue. Retrieved January 30, 2010 from CNBC http//www.cnbc.com/id/29139052Sports Illustrated. (2007). MRI National Spring 2007 Fact Sheet. Retrieved January 30, 2007 from Sports Illustrated http//sportsillustrated.cnn.com/adinfo/si/mri2007.html

Analysis of the Closet Scene in Hamlet the Movie Essay -- essays rese

Hamlet is often seen as one of the most well known examples of an Oedipus Complex presented in literature. The reasons for this is probably because of the plot that resolves around the revenge that Hamlet has against his step-father Claudius and because of the relationship that Hamlet has with his mother that is loaded with sexual energy. Hamlets love for his mother is especially exemplified by the Mel Gibsons edition of the infamous closet view. Traditionally a Queens closet was not worth emphasizing a bedroom, but it is likely that most of the readers would presume that the closet scene takes place in Gertrude?s bedroom because of the obsession that Hamlet has about Gertrude?s bed. When Hamlet responds to his mother?s summons and comes to her closet, he invades a very(prenominal) private place where customarily a woman would except entertain her husband or a lover. For an adult son to do this, intimations of erotic possibilities atomic number 18 roughly inevitable because the son crosses the line into the enclosure of his mother?s privacy to encounter her as a sexualized subject. The room that Olivier created for Gertrude contained a lot of scene to convey a subliminal message. The tall doors look phallic-shaped and the bed is the center of attention most of the time. The bed is also much more lit than the equilibrium of the room that emphasizes the importance of it. The federal agency Gertrude kisses Hamlet in the Olivier, can be forms of the sexuality that is going in between her and Hamlet. The kisses are not what the everyday soul interprets as platonic and it is almost as if Hamlet and Gertrude are drawn closer and closer because of the passion between them, in order that their faces are only inches apart. The last kiss between Gertrude and ... ...e other movies. She takes every opportunity to kiss Hamlet fully on the mouth, sometimes even lingering on the lips. It is almost as if Hamlet?s Oedipal cravings is a given in this movie. At one tim e Hamlet is even thrusting his lions against Gertrude that suggest a signifier of sexual intercourse. When the ghost appears it is as if it is just in time to stop Hamlet and Gertrude from having full-fledged intercourse. Gertrude does not seem to mind this at all in the way she caresses Hamlet unquestionably more representative of the display of affection one associates with a lover than a mother. The conclusion is that the Oedipus Complex definitely plays an full role in the most of the movies made about Hamlet. Two of the three films I discussed are clearly paradigmatic, as each has in some way further contributed to the idea of Hamlet?s aberrant sexual feelings.

Socrates - Definitions of Piety Essay -- Socrates Plato Philosophy

Socrates - Definitions of PietyDuring the Periclean age (around 400 B.C.) in Athens Greece there was aman named Socrates. He was considered a very wise man by the Athenians. Howeverthere were men in power who did not care for him or his teachings Claiming thathe corrupted the Athenian youth and did not believe in the Greek gods, Socrateswas put on trail. On his way to his trial Socrates met a man named Euthyphro, aprofessional priest who is respected by the authorities (those who necessitate getrid of Socrates). Euthyphro is at the court house to prosecute his father for arrive at. Socrates finds this to be interesting. If Euthyphro can properly explainwhy he is prosecuting his father for murder Socrates might have an understandingof piety. This would help Socrates to defend himself, for the prosecutors knowand think highly of Euthyphro. Socrates could then draw parallels betweenhimself and Euthyphro, who the citizens highly respect, thus bringing himrespect, and freedom. This is wh ere Socrates begins his talks with Euthyphroseeking the definition of piety. Socrates wants Euthyphro to teach him themeaning of piety since Euthyphro considers himself an authority on the subject.In this dialogue Euthyphro gives Socrates four different definitions of what hebelieves piety is, none of which ratify satisfactory to Socrates, leaving thequestion unanswered in the end.The first definition that Euthyphro provides to Socrates is that the...

Socrates - Definitions of Piety Essay -- Socrates Plato Philosophy

Socrates - Definitions of PietyDuring the Periclean age (around 400 B.C.) in Athens Greece there was aman named Socrates. He was considered a very wise man by the Athenians. Howeverthere were men in power who did not care for him or his teachings Claiming thathe corrupted the Athenian youth and did not believe in the Greek gods, Socrateswas put on trail. On his way to his trial Socrates met a man named Euthyphro, aprofessional priest who is respected by the authorities (those who indispensability getrid of Socrates). Euthyphro is at the court house to prosecute his father for mutilate. Socrates finds this to be interesting. If Euthyphro can properly explainwhy he is prosecuting his father for murder Socrates might have an understandingof piety. This would help Socrates to defend himself, for the prosecutors knowand think highly of Euthyphro. Socrates could then draw parallels betweenhimself and Euthyphro, who the citizens highly respect, thus bringing himrespect, and freedom. This i s where Socrates begins his talks with Euthyphroseeking the definition of piety. Socrates wants Euthyphro to teach him themeaning of piety since Euthyphro considers himself an authority on the subject.In this dialogue Euthyphro gives Socrates four different definitions of what hebelieves piety is, none of which turn up satisfactory to Socrates, leaving thequestion unanswered in the end.The first definition that Euthyphro provides to Socrates is that the...

Blink

Thin Slicing is a term used by psychologist and philosophers, but what does it mean? According to Malcolm Gladwell, Its the raceency that we occupy as human being beings to reach very rapid, very profound and sophisticated conclusions based on very thin slices of experiences. Blink is a sacred scripture by Malcolm Gladwell explaining this theory of thin-slicing. In the give Gladwell tells us many different stories that have to do with thin-slicing. The hold back has standards of successful thin-slicing, examples showing how it plant and what it accomplishes.It also has stories teaching us, the reader of thin-slicing and how it isnt both that great and completely accu account as well. Some stories that can teach us lessons, which we can learn from not to delineate the same mistakes over and over. This book is about the un apprised mind headspring and how we dont know it but it affects us at every moment whether we notice or not. How the unconscious mind picks up patterns from sm only amount of teaching or experiences and we make snap judgments based on those patterns.Which most of the condemnation we dont notice, unless of course you have trained your mind to recognize these patterns, which theres an example of in the book. All this thin-slicing has its pros and cons I believe Gladwells theory is mend all his examples argon backed up by his theory of thin-slicing. He gives evidence to how it feeds both authoritatively and negatively. The theory of thin-slicing is that we have the ability as human beings to at once identify specific patterns from within small amounts of experience or information, and we make instant or snap judgments based upon those patterns.What does this mean it means that our unconscious holds on to information from previous events. From that information our unconscious recognizes certain patterns from the past and catches similarities in current experiences or events and reacts. This reaction although it may sound a bit alter happens in mere seconds. We dont recognize what is going on, it happens without us being able to explain it. The book defines it as, the ability of our unconscious to find patterns in seatuations and behavior based on very narrow slices of experience. Its rapid cognition, the unconscious reacts from recognition to previous patterns in mere seconds this is what makes it so amazing. At the same succession snap judgments from thin-slicing can be very problematic, as we learn from the book in its examples. The outset story in the book being a positive one teaches us how thin-slicing works instantly, without being able to explain it. The book starts off at the Getty Museum on its early days, when it was starting off. It wanted to gain rough kind of recognition so it make its first big art purchase.It was a 10 million dollar purchase, so the museum took caution. They hired lawyers to check all the paperwork and records of the statue. This statue of a kouros was state to be tho usands of years old. There was even a geologist who took samples of the statue and ran it through many different tests and machines. They all concluded that the statue was the real deal and made the purchase in the fall of 1986. This kouros was going to be a great occasion, with stories on the New York Times, and other magazines. A few weeks after the kouros was put on display was when the truth came out.One by one different art experts doubted the statue. They couldnt explain why at the time, but their immediate reaction to the kouros was just a hunch that something wasnt right. Why though? What did these experts see what all the other concourse missed when looking at the statue? They were all intuitively repulsed by this kouros at first sight of it. Eventually all the paperwork and records didnt fit, they all came to the conclusion that the kouros was a fake. The art experts were fetching part of thin-slicing.They knew something wasnt right the first time they saw it, their hunc h was that something wasnt right, but they couldnt explain what it was. This example of the Getty museum showed successful thin slicing. The love lab is John Gottmans successful way of life of determining if a couple is going to be together 15 years from now. He does this by videotaping each person he just has them sit in a room he measures their heart rate, movements, and has them have a conversation. He past analyzes these videos second by second, looking at every emotion.His manner of determining such an important conclusion is based on SPAFF its a coding system that has many categories corresponding to all emotions. His success rate is incredibly accurate, by analyzing a couple for an hour his prediction has 95% accuracy if the couple will be married 15 years later. If he watches them for 15 minutes his percentage is about 90%, and with only three minutes of analyzing the accuracy of his predictions are still very impressive. The love lab, is an example of how thin-slicing wo rks correctly.Our unconscious is Gottman analyzing those videos, second by second looking at every emotion in the couples. The only difference is that our thin-slicing is done unconsciously, automatically, and in mere seconds. Our unconscious finds patterns in very minute amounts of events or information. Just like with the love lab our thin-slicing has a high rate of accuracy. This process makes it possible to gather information to make an important decision in such a short amount of time, its almost instantaneously. Thin-slicing can also be wrong, which well see in the following examples.The Implicit Association Test (IAT) is an example of the dark side of thin-slicing. This test was made by psychologists. This test brought forth a profound observation, which was that we make connections much more quickly between pairs of ideas that are already related in our minds than we do between pairs of ideas that are unfamiliar to us. The book gives us an example of the IAT tests, the gende r and race ones. These tests use mental associations which we are used to and then flips it around, an example is the gender test, first it shows make ups of both sexes and you have to choose whether the name is a female person or male.That part is easy enough and done pretty fast, it then gives you two more choices career or male and female or home then words which are associated to either list. Then the last part where it gets tricky is when it switches home and career, so the choices are male or home and female and career. This part of the test takes people a little longer to choose. This test also has a race version in which the choices are European American or rubber and African American and good, then switches the good and bad. The results of the race IAT are that more than 80% have pro-white associations.Why is this so, and what does it mean? The book explains that our attitudes towards race and gender operate on two levels. First our conscious attitude which is what we cho ose to believe. What the IAT measures though is something else, its our second level of attitude on an unconscious level. On this level are our immediate, automatic association that just come out, we dont even notice these. These unconscious attitudes werent chosen by us, we may not even be aware of these. This is data our unconscious crunches from past experiences or information weve seen on TV, book, movies, etc.From all this data we unconsciously form opinions of race and gender, which is what the IAT measures. This teaches us that thin-slicing can also have negative conclusions, and may not always be right. The IAT also discovered that the results mean we tend to act differently with certain races, its little things we dont notice we do because they are done in an unconscious level. This is bad because it makes us discriminate, on an unconscious level, without us even knowing so. Another example of thin-slicing reactions we dont notice. The Millennium Challenge was a war game e xercise by the U. S. n 2002 which cost 250 million dollars. This war was made up of blue group which was the U. S. and red police squad which was the enemy run by Paul train Riper a retired Marine Corps Lieutenant General. This war game was used by the pentagon to test new ideas about military organization and experiments. Blue team had greater intellectual resources they had an receipts over red team. In the end the winner was the red team. How did this happen, Van Riper didnt have any advantage over blue team and their resources. He did however have his past experiences to help him. Blue team had all these resources, they had too many resources.All these resources which were supposed to be an advantage ended up being their demise, they were over thinking every move they made. On the other wad Van Riper acted instantly and won. The mistake blue team made was that they forced their commanders to stop and talk things over figure out what was going on. The war games didnt demand for logic, it demanded for action. This is an example of the unconscious finding patterns in chaos and just reacting, thin-slicing in action. Thin-slicing might sound good for the most part, but there is also much wrong with thin-slicing.Not everything can be thin-sliced, and work out, an example of this in the book is a rock melodyian known as Kenna. He had a new sound and it was unlike anything ever perceive before. People in the music business loved him, and recommended him he got a record deal and so on. The only thing left for Kenna was to have his music on the radio, sounds easy enough if musicians, producers, and people in the business liked his stuff. Kennas single was put through a test to see how people were going to react and if he would be successful. His song was tested with people, and ended up being a failure, no one liked him.This is thin-slicing gone wrong, where our first impression isnt the right one. Kennas song was tested with people who only heard a clip of t he song, not the whole song. Just a clip of something they had never heard before something completely new, it was something unrecognizable, and no one liked it. All the music pros on the other hand loved it they were experts in music and knew that Kenna was something different. Just that thin-slicing never let Kenna be the star he could have been. Another lesson we can learn from thin-slicing comes from the shooting f Amadou Diallo. This man was shot down 41 times by 4 police officers. This took place in the Bronx after midnight, the event in the book is said to have only taken 7 seconds to happen. This is when snap judgments went wrong these four officers reacted and killed an innocent man. These four officers were driving around patrolling as part of the Street umbrage Unit. The thing is that they were driving around in an unmarked car in plainclothes. They saw Diallo standing outside his building and thought he looked suspicious so two got off and went to go talk to him.They we nt up to Diallo and he tried to go inside his building. They kept telling him to freeze and pointed their guns at him he then reached into his pocket and pulled out something that one of the officers saw as a gun, which ended up being a wallet. So much went wrong here, these cops didnt pain sensation to see Diallo or as the book says read his emotions. This is something we, under normal circumstances, have the ability to read other peoples emotions through nervus facialis expressions. However we lose this ability under too much stress, pressure, or fear.Gladwells theory about thin-slicing indicates that it is not enough to make certain conscious changes in attitudes or values, but must also acknowledge the subtle influence that can alter our subconscious, thereby undermining our conscious attitudes. He argues that by taking control of the environment in which thin-slicing happens, one can also control thin-slicing and prevent/lessen the mistakes made. He makes a good point of this throughout his book he gives us many examples of how thin-slicing can work positively and negatively. He shows how its not always right, but how we can work on it to correct it.The aeron chair is an example of this, thin-slicing made people look at the chair and hate it. It was something new they had never seen anything like it so they rejected it. Once they got to essay the chair though they experienced it and found out that they actually really liked the chair. The same with Kennas music, thin-slicing made people dislike his music. Thin-slicing, snap judgments, all of this has its good and bad. Gladwells book shows how the theory of thin-slicing works, good and bad examples of it, and shows us how things can go wrong in the blink of an eye. How our unconscious affects us at all times whether we realize it or not.How we can notice when our snap judgments are wrong, and makes us realize we need to pay more attention to how we act. Our unconscious works in amazing ways and the proc ess of thin-slicing only makes it a much more amazing thing. It can however be a bad thing as well. This book shows us how this is so, and how we unconsciously act a certain way, are attracted to certain things, and so on. Blinking like thin-slicing is done unconsciously but blinking unlike thin-slicing is noticed by us, but after this book I will try to notice my thin-slicing and try to notice when I unconsciously act.

The Recruitment Process of Morgan Stanley

HRM Case 4 swipe minister The given case describes the general hiring process of Morgan Stanley and how their employees are respectd. The main purpose of this text is the military rating of Rob subgenus Pastor and whether or whether not he is suited for a promotion becoming managing director of a certain branch of the company. The text gives a definition around Rob Parson past, academic tout ensembley in his job career prior to Morgan Stanley and how his colleagues describe him. In addition to this Paul Nasr is also described as he is the person who has to evaluate Rob and he is also the person who initially hirer Rob at Morgan Stanley.Assessment of Rob Parsons slaying All in all I would say that Rob Parson is doing a good job as you it is said that his skills of closing deals are actually good. He might view as problems to report in a team however he has to be told that other dont agree with the musical mode he approaches his tasks. In addition to that I remember that R ob Parson deserves a promotion however he will need to change his team playing approach. It is indispensable to be able to work with other efficiently in this fast moving market and he has to be aware of that.Evaluation and development summary (Rob Parson) Strengths maturement Areas 1. Knows what he is doing 1. Working in a team 2. Commits to his work 2. Leadership skills 3. Knows how to make a deal 3. Following the Morgan Stanley Culturc carrying out objectives for the next year commerce Goals Increase the market constituent in CMS Professional Development Goals Be seen as a Team Player at Morgan Stanley Career Goals Eventually be promoted if attitude changes Nasrs Performance Appraisal, future goals and Issues that need to be raisedIf I were in Paul Nasr position to conduct the performance appraisal for Rob Parson I would approach it in a conservative way. First of all I think it would help to praise him for his success at the firm and that in general things are tone ending good. When it comes to evaluating his performance as a team player at Morgan Stanley, I would first of all remind him of Morgan Stanleys way of doing business and that teamwork is an important particular if you would like to be successful at the company.In addition to that I would then be important to tell Parson about the fact that some(a) of his peers complained about the way he is pursuing business, leaving broken eggs. The goals I would set for Parson would be the advise to play much along the corporate elaboration of Morgan Stanley and he will most likely receive the desired promotion If you were Rob Parson, how would you conduct yourself in the performance evaluation impact? What are your goals? How would you accentuate to influence the process? In Rob Parsons position I would approach the performance evaluation meeting in a re certain way.He should listen to what the critics have to say about him and and supply to work with that. Denying his mistakes will not help him for his desired promotion and hence he should accept them and try to work out a plan with Paul Nasr how he can develop him in the future. In addition to that he should also be assured of his skills and that tell Paul that in general he will become more of a team player, however that some situation in this sector require quick reactions that do not cohere with Morgan Stanleys bureaucratic ways of doing things.The Recruitment Process of Morgan StanleyHRM Case 4 Rob Parson The given case describes the general hiring process of Morgan Stanley and how their employees are evaluated. The main purpose of this text is the evaluation of Rob Parson and whether or whether not he is suited for a promotion becoming managing director of a certain branch of the company. The text gives a description about Rob Parson past, academically in his job career prior to Morgan Stanley and how his colleagues describe him. In addition to this Paul Nasr is also described as he is the person who has to evalua te Rob and he is also the person who initially hirer Rob at Morgan Stanley.Assessment of Rob Parsons Performance All in all I would say that Rob Parson is doing a good job as you it is said that his skills of closing deals are very good. He might have problems to work in a team however he has to be told that other dont agree with the way he approaches his tasks. In addition to that I think that Rob Parson deserves a promotion however he will need to change his team playing approach. It is necessary to be able to work with other efficiently in this fast moving market and he has to be aware of that.Evaluation and development summary (Rob Parson) Strengths Development Areas 1. Knows what he is doing 1. Working in a team 2. Commits to his work 2. Leadership skills 3. Knows how to make a deal 3. Following the Morgan Stanley Culturc Performance objectives for the next year Business Goals Increase the market share in CMS Professional Development Goals Be seen as a Team Player at Morgan Sta nley Career Goals Eventually be promoted if attitude changes Nasrs Performance Appraisal, future goals and Issues that need to be raisedIf I were in Paul Nasr position to conduct the performance appraisal for Rob Parson I would approach it in a conservative way. First of all I think it would help to praise him for his success at the firm and that in general things are going good. When it comes to evaluating his performance as a team player at Morgan Stanley, I would first of all remind him of Morgan Stanleys way of doing business and that teamwork is an important fact if you would like to be successful at the company.In addition to that I would then be important to tell Parson about the fact that some of his peers complained about the way he is pursuing business, leaving broken eggs. The goals I would set for Parson would be the advise to play more along the corporate culture of Morgan Stanley and he will most likely receive the desired promotion If you were Rob Parson, how would yo u conduct yourself in the performance evaluation meeting? What are your goals? How would you try to influence the process? In Rob Parsons position I would approach the performance evaluation meeting in a confident way.He should listen to what the critics have to say about him and and try to work with that. Denying his mistakes will not help him for his desired promotion and thus he should accept them and try to work out a plan with Paul Nasr how he can develop him in the future. In addition to that he should also be assured of his skills and that tell Paul that in general he will become more of a team player, however that some situation in this sector require quick reactions that do not cohere with Morgan Stanleys bureaucratic ways of doing things.

Theme of Pastoralism in Shakespeare’s as You Like It

William Shakespeares As You Like It is probably ane of the most famous eclogue comedies of in all times. Written around 1599 and published in 1623, its plot of land was derived from Thomas Lodges pastoral romance Rosalynde. But what is interesting ab protrude this play is how Shakespeare, using the features and tropes of a pastoral comedy, undercuts the idea of the pastoral. The pastoral, as a genre, deal be said to have had its beginnings with Theocritus Idylls. Other nonable works in this genre are Virgils Eclogues and Longus Daphnis and Chloe. Artificiality and lack of realism are the boss exampleistics of this tradition.When the Elizabethans wrote in this tradition, they more or less followed the set conventions. The shepherds with which they peopled their rural landscape were metaphors for amorous sleep withrs, scholar-poets and aristocrats in exile. These poets gave the primacy to approach of lawiers who led a shepherd-like existence or simply treated the rural envi ronment as a background to the amours of shepherds and shepherdesses who in their love-behaviour resembled the refined noble-men of the philander. As You Like It also has these love-lorn figures in characters such as Silvius and Phebe.Yet, it can be clearly seen from their marginalized status in the play that Shakespeare has clearly departed from the convention of pastoralisation of the courtly people. 1. The people in Shakespeares pastoral are not the dainty shepherds and shepherdesses of the g senioren world. They are uneducated, plain-spoken, not much concerned with romance, poetry and etiquette. The reason for this far-away-from-reality portrayal of the arena people in pastoral romances and poetry was the position that the authors/poets were a part of a class belonging to the town and court.Their anxieties and pre-occupations with their own socio-politico-economic conditions necessitated the construction of an idyllic space, free from all the troubles and tensions. And it was to fulfil this need to work that they created an nearly Eden-like rural world. The pastoral, therefore, became one of the literary forms best suited for an expression of disgust with the court and an admiration for the simple pleasures of the country. 2. They say he is already in the quality of Arden, and many a merry men with him and there they live like the old Robin Hood of England.They say many young gentlemen flock to him any day, and fleet the time carelessly as they did in the golden world, says Charles in Act 1, Scene 1 of the play. This sure raises our expectations about the timberland of Arden as a repoint where life is like a never-ending holiday. In Act 2, Scene 1, Duke Senior also describes the Forest as a run where he finds good in everything and compares it to the Garden of Eden. But in the very same dialogue, he refers to the icy fang/ And churlish chiding of the winters nose. This brings to our notice the less-than-perfect nature of life in Arden.Even when away from the strifes of courtly life, the courtiers and the duke have to bear the penalty of Adam. Each of the character that enters the Forest of Arden considers it as a refuge from the iniquity, restriction, oppression and corruption of the life at court. Rosalind and Celia run away from the court to escape the patriarchal domination of the tyrant Duke Frederick. Orlando and Adam come to the Forest in search of a new life away from the injustice meted out to him by his own brother. Duke Senior and his courtiers remain in the Forest as exiles, having been wronged at the hands of Duke Frederick.But even here Shakespeare inverts this notion by giving each one of them their share of trials and tribulations. It certainly is not an escape into a Utopian world as we would like it to be. Each of them reaches the Forest in a state of physical exhaustion and it is not the end of their troubles, what with hunger, extreme weather conditions and postulate for survival staring them in the fa ce. The play also deals with the idea of old world-new world order and uses pastoral as a medium to resolve knockout socio-political problems.The society at this point in time was in a state of flux and the aristocracy came to be divided into cardinal categories One that compose set much store by the notions of blood lineage, loyalty and a golden, feudal society where everyone knows his place and the other that adopted the Machiavellian idea of rampant(ip) individualism and gain of power for selfish purposes. Shakespeare presents this split in the society in terms of familial conflict between Oliver and Orlando & Duke Senior and Duke Frederick.In denying Orlando his share in his fathers fortune and mistreating Adam, Oliver violates the moral law of the traditional order which required the lord to fulfil the patriarchal commitment of ensuring a harmonious mixer order on his estate. Sir Rowland de Boys is depicted as the epitome of the ideal lord. By virtue of cosmos morally ak in to his father, Orlando is loved by everyone. He embodies traditional values of the old feudal order, the antique world. Oliver, being all that his father was not is representative of the new world order.Duke Frederick, similarly, is put in the same moral family when he says, The world esteemed Sir Rowland honourable/But I did find him still mine enemy. Not only this, he is an anomaly in the law of primogeniture because he overthrows the rightful inheritor, Duke Senior, who also loves Sir Rowland and thus we hold him in the same light as Orlando. Oliver violates moral law, Duke Frederick violates social law. It is in the Forest of Aden that this violation is right and we see the ultimate re-uniting of the Orlando and Oliver when the wronged younger brother saves the life of the very elder brother who had plotted to cancel out him.And it is after entering the Forest that Duke Frederick realises his folly in usurping the rightful position of his brother and Duke Senior is thus r einstated as the king. The Forest, more importantly the idea of countryside, then works as a place which provides annunciation to the conflicts and restores harmony. There is a constant contrast being drawn between the court and the country in the play which undoubtedly presents the country as a better and superior alter native Australian.The move by the characters into the Forest of Arden is seen as a retreat into nature where they are physically and spiritually rejuvenated. It is also a root word of learning for the Duke Senior, for he Finds tongues in trees, books in the running brooks/Sermons in stones, and good in everything. Their stay in the Forest re-instils a sense of pledge in them and they also acquire a degree of self-knowledge. But in spite of this idealization of the country we do not see even one character that completely identifies with it.The pastoral is just a temporary refuge and never a permanent haven. As soon as the familial and social conflicts are resolved , the inhabitants leave the place about which they had eulogised. In Act 1, Scene 1, talking to Adam about Olivers unjust behaviour towards him, Orlando describes his gentility against the graininess of the country people. In saying You have trained me like a peasant, obscuring and hiding from me all gentleman-like qualities, Orlando gives vent to an inherent prejudice against the country folks as uncivilized people.Even when in the Forest, Orlando thinks of the country d salutaryers as incapable of any civility and the prejudice in him remains intact when he says I thought that all things had been savage here. Duke Senior refers to his days at court as better days with an evident sense of nostalgia in the same scene and draws a contrast between the orderly life at court and the almost anarchical existence in the Forest when he recalls the holy bell that knolled to church building/ And when he sat at good mens feasts. This distinction between the court and country is brought out mo st tellingly in the characters of Touchstone and Corin.Touchstones description of himself as a courtier not only parodies the courtiers and their ways but also provides a contrast with the simplicity of Corin, representative of the rural fraternity. We notice a misplaced sense of elitism and superiority seeping in in the behaviour of Touchstone as soon as he enters the Forest when he calls out to Corin as you clown in Act 2, Scene 5 and refers to himself as his betters. The conversation between the two in Act 3, Scene 2 shows the respire fissures that separated the two classes and precluded any possibility of a democratic exchange of ideas. 3.Touchstones answer to Corins inquiry about his feelings for shepherd life underlines the conventions of the pastoral life- Truly, shepherd, in respect of itself it is a good life but in respect that it is a shepherds life, it is naught. In respect that it is solitary, I like it very well but in respect that it is private, it is a very vile lif e. Now, in respect it is in the fields, it pleaseth me well but in respect it is not in the court, it is tedious. Corin himself continues this realistic tone when he points out the obvious differences between life in the court and life in the country.The best truce between the two diametrically opposite worlds comes in Corins sagacious analysis- Those that are good manners at the court are as ridiculous in the country as the behaviour of the country is most mockable at the court thus establishing that one place is not necessarily better than the other, just different. The relationship that the court people establish with the Forest and the forest-dwellers is almost exploitative in nature. Despite being away from the court physically, they can never really leave buttocks the court mannerisms and prejudices.We see a new court order being established in the Forest. The Duke and his courtiers are refugees in the forest, but still they become tyrants and usurpers of the place rightfull y belonging to the inhabitants. They kill the animals, the natives i. e. , for their own convenience and pleasure. Broken feudal loyalties are strengthened when Duke Sr. couples Orlando and recognises him to be the son of his favourite, Sir Rowland. We see the creation of a social hierarchy when Rosalind and Celia, by virtue of their socio-economic position in the society, enter into a business arrangement with Corin and offer to buy his land. Although, he is a native of the Forest and should be economically prosperous, going by the conventions of the pastoral, we are informed that he does not even shear the fleeces he grazes and is servant to a churlish compass. Thus unlike the traditional pastoral relationship between the courtier and shepherds which is that of good-natured equality, in Shakespeares play the shepherd can only become a host to the ladies by becoming their servant. . Some critics have also read this usurpation of the rights of the natives as a critique of the syst emic enclosure of the commons in 17th century England. As mentioned earlier, the retreat into the Forest is not an escape into a utopian world. Rather than simply being an idyllic, innocent site to escape to, Arden is constructed as a neutral space where people are allowed to be themselves, free to create alternate identities and perhaps this is from where the title of the play, As You Like It, derives. 5.Each character that enters the Forest projects his own personality on to it. So while Duke Sr finds it to be idyllic golden world, almost Eden-like, Orlando calls it desert inaccessible. Rosalind and Celia meet a pleasant sheepcote fenced with olive trees on entering the Forest while Oliver is greeted by a snake with drawn fangs and a lioness ready to kill him. So a retreat into Arden can be seen as a metaphor for the retreat into ones soul. It becomes the mirror of their minds, reflecting their thoughts onto their items.Rosalind and Celia escape the unpleasant and restricted atmo sphere of the court and don new identities in the Forest. While Celia chooses the name Aliena, representative of her state of mind, Rosalind forges an altogether new identity for herself by choosing to dress up like a man as Ganymede. By doing this, Rosalind draws upon the latent courage and resilience of her character. She becomes a working woman, independent of all male control, something which the orderly and patriarchal world of the court would not have permitted.A subversion of the gender stereotypes is also happening in the relationship of Orlando and Rosalind in the Forest where Orlando roams about looking for her and inscribing eulogies as proof of his love for Rosalind on tree barks and she tests his love in the garb of Ganymede. Orlando, whom we had seen as a man who knows his worth and potential but is unable to actualise it due to his situation in society, transforms into a most ardent lover as he is given the freedom to express his love. The loyal courtier in him is acc orded its true worth when Duke Sr recognises him as the son of Sir Rowland de Boys.Thus the entry into Forest can also be seen as a symbolic quest to determine ones identity. In so far as all the action of the play takes place in the Forest of Arden, it is of prime importance. But as we have noticed, the retreat into Arden is not a permanent move on the part of the court dwellers. The stay in the Forest is a means to and not the end itself, the end being resolution of all social and familial conflicts. And Shakespeare very well uses the pastoral tradition to achieve this resolution.

The Punishment of Oedipus the King

The Punishment of Oedipus the King At the end of Sophocles Oedipus Rex, Oedipus, king of Thebes, ends up banished forever from his estate. Additionally, Oedipus physically puts out his own eyes, for several reasons which will be discussed later. The question is Did Oedipus deserve his penalisations? There are many factors that must be considered in answering this, including how Oedipus himself felt up about his situation. His blinding was as much symbolic as it was physical wo(e).After all factors have been considered, I think that plainly Oedipus banishment was the demand punishment.. It is important to keep in foreland the whole basic reasoning for Oedipus search for Laius killers he wished to put an end to a deadly plague, and that plague would except be stopped when said murderer is killed, or driven from the land (pp 4-5). Thusly, when it is revealed that Oedipus himself murdered Laius, then banishment seems to be the only option. Death, in my mind, is not sensible simp ly because of what it might do to the kingdoms people. even so though it seems that Oedipus has not been a especially good monarch, in fact his only major accomplishment seems to be killing the Sphinx all those years ago, having a king put to death could have serious repercussions on the rest of the kingdom. So in the end, the only route to cure the plague and keep the kingdom stable seems to be the banishment of Oedipus. In this case, the question of whether or not he deserved to be punished seems irrelevant Oedipus only goal was to stop the plague and by leaving, he has accomplished that goal. Banishment was the only choice.But what exactly was Oedipus being punished for? Even after re- reading the play, this still seems to be a gray area. Incest? Immoral, to be sure, just Oedipus was obviously ignorant to his actions, and to my knowledge, in Sophoclean clips, there was no written truth against it and therefore no punishment for it. Oedipus punishment whitethorn have been for killing Laius, but how could you punish someone for being a victim of fate? Greeks believed at the time of the plays writing that a mans life was woven by the 3 fates (Clotho, Lachesis, and Atropos) and that he was irrevocably bound to that plenty.Knowing this, and knowing that Oedipus became king of Thebes only because it was his destiny to murder Laius and kill the Sphinx, how could he redressfully be punished? Even Oedipus himself knows that his actions are not by choice, but by acts of the gods, he mentions this twice in the play Some savage power has brought this down upon my head. As well as My god, my god what have you planned to do to me? Such quotes clearly suggest that Oedipus knew that he had no choice in his actions. In this manner and in this manner alone, Oedipus is undeserving of said punishment.Oedipus may not have been a busyly good man, but in the end he knew what was best for his kingdom Out of this kingdom cast me with all speed for only that would save his occasion subjects. Were that Oedipus only punishment, the play might have been quite a bit simpler (and this essay quite a bit shorter), but Oedipus, in a snuff it of rage, stabs his own eyes with Jocastas dresspins. This was Oedipus way of trying to punish himself, as well as an escape. Oedipus would no longer gaze upon the faces of his subjects, his brother (uncle? Creon, or even those of his children. He is plunged into a world of darkness. It must be noted that this was more than simply a punishment, though Im sure that it was one of the ways Oedipus intended it. The physical put out alone seems to prove that. There are much easier ways of becoming blind to the world than stabbing ones eyes out. As I have stated before though, Oedipus was blinded by his foolish pride long before the beginning of the novel. He only realized the truth behind Laius murder when it was right in front of his nose.He was by no means stupid, in fact he came off as quite a clever man, but his wa s a world of blindness because of pride and power. I have been concentrating on the two most obvious of Oedipus punishments, but there is another one that may not seem so clear. Keeping in mind that Sophocles made it very clear that Oedipus was a man of so much pride that he may have thought himself to be akin to a god, was not Oedipus basically stripped of that pride at the end of the play? The true punishment has been revealed.Oedipus life was based on pride. It was what led to the murder of Laius, which in turn led to the killing of the Sphinx, which led to his becoming king. As he continues on his particular thread of life, Oedipus becomes more and more powerful, and as such, his pride also increases proportionately. He threatens both Tiresias and Creon, and single-handedly tries to unravel the mystery of Laius death. What must go on inner his mind when he finds out that not only did he murder his father, the king, but he also slept with his mother?Knowing full well that his ki ngdom would eventually find out his acts, how could he hold his head up when walking through the city streets? How could his subjects respect and revere a king who was a murderer and commiter of incest? Oedipus is thusly stripped of his pride, the driving force behind his whole personality. He has been crushed, and that which he had so much of before has been denied him. Where he was once at one extreme (hubris), he is now at the other. To call for away the very thing that drives a man is worse than any physical pain or even death itself.That is truly, as Sophocles intended it, Oedipus ultimate punishment. When the curtain falls and the lights go out on Oedipus Rex, the kings punishments total three. Though in my mind at least, one far outweighs the other two, they are all important and they all contribute to the total experience of the Greek tragedy. In the end, I do not feel that Oedipus truly deserves the punishments he is handed, but that is only because of the fact that I plac e myself in the time period that this was written in, using the beliefs of that time for my own.Were this story to have taken place in modern times, Oedipus certainly would have deserved his punishment, but this idea is irrelevant because, quite simply, this did not take place in our advanced civilization. Oedipus was a victim of fate, incapable of free will, and as such he should have not been punished, save banishment only to cure the plague. The Punishment of Oedipus the King (Oedipus Rex)

Benifits of Foreign Travel Essay

Specific Purpose To inform my audience of the utilitys of traveling to other cultures. Title some other Life Thesis/Central Idea Sentence Its very important and beneficial to take c are of ourselves physically, mentally, and unearthlyly, but fewer ever figure to utilization traveling as a tool to assist in the remainoration of all three. Introduction Attention Getter Taking a vacation is on eitherbodys to do list but according to a study conducted by the Families and Work Institute only ab knocked out(p) half of Ameri piece of asss use their full 2 weeks of vacation each year. Motivate audience to listen I found this odd, but when I examined my own life I found I commitnt taken an actual vacation in over 10 years. CredibilityIt only if something Ive always seemed to brush off by saying Oh well, Ill just take a nice vacation next year, but the following year the same thing happens and before you realize it you havent had a vacation in over a decade. Europeans embrace this id ea of vacation almost religiously. In Europe vacations are guaranteed by law.In countries like Germany, the unify Kingdom and the Netherlands, employers are required to provide up to 20 sidereal days of paid leave. Ameri chiffoniers, on the other hand, get an average of 12 days every year and on average use about half. Central Idea Its important to remember that we are not machines and that we can and do become burn out. When this happens it can affect everything from our productivity in the run away place to our personal relationships with our spouse, children, friends, and family. Depression can become a real side effect and take comptroller of a life we once loved.So it is important to catch a break from our everyday life and take time to Stop and smell the roses (Unknown). travel to foreign cultures is just hotshot way to experience different thoughts and ideals for dealing with day to day life. Preview of pointsWhile many the Statesns realize the importance of staying fi t by drill it is way more than important and beneficial for healthier, happier living to understand that staying fit means more than lifting weights or going for a run, but working out our bodies, our minds, and our spirit in order to live a true healthier life style.Transition Sentence So lets begin by discussing the physical benefits of foreign travel. Body I. First and most obvious there testament be a few physical benefits from foreign travel that will be very noticeable from the very scratch line day. A. Walking 1. Whether you vacation in Europe or Asia it really doesnt matter so vast as you get away from America or Canada. Everyone else in the entire worlds seems to walk everywhere. This may sound scary for those who havent seen the inside of a gym in a while or in some cases ever, but after awhile you wont compensate notice how overmuch youve walked.Youll become so immersed in all that youre seeing and experiencing that its not until you return to your room at night or until you sit for a while that you begin to notice that both youre feet now have a pulse. 2. The second sounds a bit unbelievable, but after a few days of walking around and once I begin to recognize the landscape. I usually have made a few friends with some of the locals sluice if I dont speak the language. There is a lot than can be said with hands, faces and a smile, but once this happens I cant help but to begin to feel like this could be my second home. B. Food 1.While Europe and Asia do have fast sustenance franchises most will opt out in order to experience more of the culture universe visited. This is very true especially if youre a fan of the food back home. In my case nothing beats authentic Spanish Paella or Italian anything. But in most cases youll be eating a bit healthier while visiting and may not even notice. Most food around the world is not touch like it is here in the states. Dont get me wrong Wendys and McDonalds can be pretty delicious, but Id rather eat real food everyday I just cant cook as well as those guys in Italy or even the guys Olive Garden for that matter. . Throughout the day you may dabble in a few different wines, but for the most part youll find pee to be the beverage of choice. Unless, youre a beer or soda connoisseur wishing to try some of the local but undiscover to you refreshments. Towards the end of the day you may finish a bottle or two of wine, but in your defense One, youre in a new country representing America and you wouldnt want to be rude. Two, wine itself in reasonable quantities is actually good for the blood stream therefore good for your heart so BAME, twin WhammyThree, what better way to socialize with locals or other fellow tourist than over a couple glasses of wine or beer under a star lit canopy dinning Alfresco? II. Next we will discuss a couple of the mental benefits that you will become aware of throughout the trip. A. So, First in order to begin this awesome adventure it is absolutely crucia l to learn this one lesson about vacation otherwise you shouldve stayed home and burnt every dollar you spent for this trip. So here is the first mental benefit of going on vacation. Its learning how to actually take a vacationThe very first thing we must learn is actually the most difficult we must be honest and true to ourselves that we are on vacation for the sake of nothing more than our own well being and revitalization. With that being said we must let go of our old lives if only for the week or two we are on vacation. 1. So first, its absolutely important not to work, discuss work or think about work even as a second thought. Your life back home is on pause until you return. 2. Second sever any and all easily accessible ties to your life back home.Of course if you have children and have to check on them that is an exception, but leave your cell phone, laptop and tablet, PDA, pager in your room. Give the publication to the front desk to anyone back home in case of emergency. There is always someone at the front desk and you never have to worry about reception. 3. The first two steps is to ensure that your mind receives the break it deserves from normal life. B. So now that you have accepted the fact that youre on vacation and are enjoying or not enjoying all this walking.You will definitely notice things that are different compared to home. 1. Your mind will definitely become broadened by every one of your senses. As every sense becomes titillated each sensation will become forever locked in your memory and you may notice to compare a lot what you experience to something similar back home. 2. As each day passes you may begin to see how differently other cultures deal with life problems. I mean everyone around the world has to deal with work problems, relationships, and out of control children, but its how we deal with them that tends to get the better of us.You may take a few notes just by watching how people just seem to not sweat the small things in Europe and Asia. It seems to me they as we as Americans live to work, the rest of the planet works just enough to live. Perhaps thats why they get more vacation and work less hours. When was the last time an American labor force took a siesta? III. Finally we will discuss the spiritual benefits that come from foreign travel. A. First off, I must make myself clear that when I use the word spiritual I do so in a general sense of the word.I do not mean to use it in direct connection towards any God or religion. While most people do believe in a supreme being of some kind some believe in science or no God at all, but regardless of what we believe we all have a sense of self therefore we all have a sort of spirit. 1. A very possible but unlikely event of spiritual revitalization is the adaptation of religion. 2. A more likely form of spiritual revitalization may perhaps come from the peace and tranquility that one may find while visiting a spa or in a quiet location away from everything. 3.Once a peace has been given up to the spirit, you will become refreshed and ready to continue with life annoying little problems but after a while you will become more aware of when you need a break. Transition Sentence So let takes one last quick look at all we have covered today. Conclusion We now know that a vacation is a lot more than time away from work. We have discussed the three parts of us that benefit from vacation the physical, mental and spiritual and the importance of keeping all three areas in shape in order to obtain a more able existence.

HIV & progres

Although progress has been in treating HIV infection and AIDS, the epidemic remains a vital public health issue in all communities across the country and around the world. Prevention, early detection, and ongoing treatment remain important aspects of care for great deal with HIV infections and AIDS.Nurses in all settings encounter mass with this disease thus, nurses need an understanding of the disorder, knowledge of the physical and psychological consequences associated with the diagnosis, and expert assessment and clinical care skills to provide optimal care for people with HIV infection and AIDS.In 1987, just 6 years after the first field of studys of AIDS were treated, the U.S. Food and Drug presidential term (FDA) approved the first antiretroviral agent in 1988nthe first randomized controlled trial of primary prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia appeared in the literature and in 1995 protease inhibitors joined the growing turn of events of antiretroviral agents. Improved treatment of HIV and AIDS has resulted in increased survival times in 1996, 1997, and 1998, age-adjusted death rates fell 29%, 48%, and 21%, respectively.This theme intent toa) describe the modes of transmission of HIV infection.b) describe the pathophysiology of HIV infection.c) explain the physiology underlying the clinical manifestations of HIV infection.d) Describe the management of patients with HIV infection.e) Discuss the interventions allot for patients with HIV infection and AIDS.I. IntroductionSince acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was first recognized more than 20 years ago, remarkable progress has been made in improving the quality and duration of heart of persons with HIV infection.During the first decade, this progress was associated with recognition of opportunistic disease processes, more effective therapy for complications, and introduction of prophylaxis against common opportunistic infections (OIs).The second decade has witnessed progress in d eveloping highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAART) as well as continuing progress in treating OIs (Masur, Kaplan &Holmes, 1999).Since the HIV serologic test (enzyme immuno tab EIA, formerly enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ALISHA, became available in 1984, allowing early diagnosis of the infection before onset of symptoms, HIV infection has been best managed as a chronic disease and close(prenominal) appropriately managed in an outpatient care setting (Gallant, 2001).II. BackgroundA. EpidemiologyIn fall 1982, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a case definition of AIDS after the first coulomb cases were reported. Since then, the CDC has revised the case definition a number of times (1985, 1987, and 1993) All 50 states, the District of Columbia, U.S. dependencies and possessions, and independent nations in free association with the join States report AIDS cases to the CDC using a uniform surveillance case definition and case report from (CDC, 2000) .Starting in the late 1990s, more states started to implement HIV case reporting in response to the changing epidemic and the need for information on persons with HIV infection who take a crap not developed AIDS.As of December 2001, there were 816,149 reported cases of HIV/AIDS and 506, 154 adults, adolescents, and children in the United States (including U.S. dependencies, possession, and associated nations) living with AIDS. Unprotected sex and sharing of injection drug use equipment are the major subject matter of transmission of HIV.A total of 43, 158 AIDS cases were diagnosed in 2001. For men diagnosed with AIDS during 2001, 59% were in the exposure category of men who have sex with men 24% in injection drug use and 7% in heterosexual contact.In women diagnosed with AIDS during that same period, 44% reported injection drug use and 52% reported heterosexual contact. Comparing race/ethnicity amount the three largest groups diagnosed in 2001, 20,752 were black, not Hispanics (C DC, 2002).The number of people living with AIDS is not evenly distributed throughout the United States. States with the largest number of reported AIDS cases during 2001 were New York (7,476), Florida (5,138), California (4,315), Texas (2,892), and Maryland (1,860) (CDC, 2002).AIDS has reached epidemic proportions in some other parts of the world. According to the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS, more than 18.3 million people worldwide have died of AIDS and 34.3 million people are infected with HIV, with 5.4 million people newly infected with HIV in 1999 alone (Letvin, Bloom & Hoffman, 2001). UNAIDS (2001) reports that since the epidemic began, more than 60 million people have been infected with the virus, making it the most devastating disease ever.The earliest confirmed case of HIV infection was found in blood drawn from an African man in 1959 (Stephenson, 2003).Although factors associated with the stagger of HIV in Africa in the 1960s however, social changes such as eas ier access to transportation, increasing population density, and more frequent sexual contacts may have been more important (Stephenson 2003).

1920’s Automobiles Essay

Automobiles are one of the most prominent inventions ever created. The automobile labor rapidly grew through the 1920s. Henry hybridizations invention of the Model-T in 1903 skyrocketed the popularity of the automobile. Fords invention of the manufacture line anyowed the production of automobiles to increase rapidly. The conclave line allowed the automobile to be affordable for every American. Automobiles changed the way people traveled and lived. Without motorcars we would not thrust drive-ins, drive-thru, or sporting food restaurants. People have come to depend on their cars for earning a living, or traveling to their dream vacation spot.Cars became inexpensive, and very easy to make. In the 1920s, the automobile industry started a variation that we continue to see today. In 1913 Henry Ford invented and installed the first conveyor belt assembly line in his car plant in Michigan. The assembly line reduced the cost of production for cars by decreasing the assembly time. Hen ry Fords goal was a low priced car that many another(prenominal) people in all walks of spirit could afford. The assembly line could produce a car in an hour and half . The cost of a car decreased to cd$ the lowest price of any care ever sold.He sold over 15 million cars and the race between Ford and GM began. General locomotes Company was formed and founded by William C. Durant in 1908 . GM was the major competitor for Ford. The President of GM Alfred Sloan began realizing that they had and advantage over Ford Motor Company. Ford only had one body style car. GM had several different varieties of cars. GM began making four, six, and eight cylinder cars. GM started doing inventory control, and discontinue any line cars that were not popular with consumers. GM began making annual model changes and began advertising.GM was able to defeat Ford Motor company cod to the changes that Sloan had made. In 1921 General Motors sold over 457,000 cars and profited over 61 million. A group o f companies that merged into what is now known as Chrysler became the next competitor. Chrysler Corporation unexampled that they did not have the manufacturing resources to build a low priced car, and did not have the financial resourses to build a new plant. The solution came when Dodge Brothers Manufacturing Company was attribute on the market. The Dodge Brothers had become victims of the Influenza epidemic. The heirs decided to sell the company.Chrysler purchased the company which had the resources they needed. The Dodge sales organization was considered to be one of the best in the country. With all the resources that Chrysler acquired they were able to develop the Plymouth in 1928. Chrysler then became the developing structure in America . GM and Ford began establishing manufacturing plants in Europe and throughout the world. Automobile manufacturing was the largest in the country. The employment in automobile factories was 250 million in 1922 and in excess of 400 million in 1929 the amount of paid wages doubled from 400 million to 800 million.Before automobiles we had horses. Horses travel on dirt and grass. Automobiles travel on highways. The automobile also led to highway construction, gas services, and repair. These industries employed about the 1,2 million people. In The motor vehicle also increased the sale of rubber, steel, glass, and petroleum products. The total effect of the invention of the Motor Vehicle on American life has yet to be measured. The invention of the automobile gave America superiority. Today 41 million vehicles are produced every year. Gasoline shortages, and car wrecks will always be a factor.The automobile industry improved social status, and increased your financial status. Americans were given the means to travel farther, faster, and more freely. Americans can travel to their favorite fast food restaurant, favorite park, favorite beach, and still have time to go to work.Works cited Gourley, Catherine. Wheels Of Time A Bio graphy Of Henry Ford. N. p. Millbrook Press, 1997. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost). Web. 21 Apr. 2013. American AutoIndustry in the 1920s. Articlesbase. com. Articlesbase. com, 5 Oct. 2009. Web. 21 Apr. 2013.

Tourism, a factor of sustainable development

All forms of touristry development that argon conducive to saving rare and precious resources, in point water and energy, as well as avoiding so far as possible waste production, should be given priority and encouraged by national, regional and local public authoritiesTo minimize the use of scarce and non-renewable resources in the development and subroutine of tourism facilities and services.A sustainable future depends on the careful management of resources to ensure their availability for personate and future generations. Resources that are non-renewable, in limited supply, or essential for life support are of particular concern. These include land, fresh water, forests, minerals and fossil fuels. Conservation of energy is important, especially where it is derived from non-renewable resources.Tourism is a signicant user of resources in many areas. Ensuring that it uses resources eciently is important both for the wellbeing of the local surroundings and host friendship and i n maintaining global resources. Ecient use of resources, notably energy derived from fossil fuels, is also important in the reduction of polluting emissions. Resource eciency in tourism will be achieved largely by ever-changing the consumption patterns of tourists and tourism enterprises. Enterprises should be encouraged to establish environmental management systems to minimize impacts and drive a process of continual improvement.To minimize the pollution of air, water and land and the generation of waste by tourism enterprises and visitors.Maintaining environmental purity means reducing waste and harmful emissions to the environment in order to economise the quality of the air, water and land that sustain life, health and biodiversity. Actions should address all aspects of pollution prevention and go throughout the lifecycle of tourism development, during and after the use of facilities, as well as the impacts of tourists themselves.Although local impacts on the environment, mu ch(prenominal) as local air and water quality, are the most immediately apparent to local communities and to visitors, the tourism industry also has global environmental impacts. Governments need to recognize the responsibilities towards both the global and the local environment that are inherent in maintaining environmental purity. There is a need for a profound interchange in the way we generate and use energy and in other activities that release greenhouse and other gases into the atmosphere. Global pollution may also impact many local destinations through the consequences of climate change.As with promoting resource eciency, waste and pollution control will be achieved largely by changing the consumption patterns of tourists and tourism enterprises. This should be a key component of individual environmental management systems at heart enterprises.

Internshp on Performance Evaluation of Exim Bank Ltd

Internship REPORT ON EXPORT IMPORT wedgeing comp each LIMITED TOPIC movement valuation of EXIM stick Ltd. modified Focus on unusual Exchange Division surgical incision of blood arrangeion Submitted by www. AssignmentPoint. com Date of Submission 17th May2012 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL 17th May2012 To Lecturer Department of Business brass Subject Submission of the BBA Internship Report. Dear Madam, It is a great Pleasure for me that I ease up got the hazard to submit the Internship Report on mathematical operation evaluation of Export importee brim of Bangladesh extra supernumerary focus on foreign r on the wholeying division.The internship program gave me an opportunity to view an exposure to the working milieu and on the job experience. I welcome acquired a good belowstanding on distribution course of instruction of acknowledgement of this multinational. I have tried my aim best to put meticulous effort for the preparation of this field. every short each( prenominal) overtures or fault may arise as my unintentional mistakes I pass on wholeheartedly satisfying each clarification and suggestion ab emerge any view and conception disseminated by dint of this calculate. Sincerely yours www. AssignmentPoint. com . supervisorS CERTIFICATIONThis is to certify that student of subdivision of BBA and major in Finance, has completed the Internship Report titled Performance Evaluation of EXIM camber Ltd. Special Focus on outside Exchange Division success beaty beneath my supervising. I wish her every success in life. Supervisor Lecturer Department of Business Administration Ac admitledgement Allah is Al competencyy to mock internship composition of my port of study of BBA Program. The accomplishment and completion of this report would no. have been viable without the portion of more or less people who took the term and effort to guide me in my report work.I deeply appreciate and value their suggestions and recomm terminalations through the entire course of my report work. I would like to conflagrate my heartiest thanks and my sincerest gratitude to only(a) those who directly/ indirectly contribute to the compilation of report. I am especially glad to my teacher, my internship supervisor. I could non prep be my Internship Report without her proper guidance and inspiration. Last but non least, I would like to give my thanks to all the members of EXIM buzzword Ltd. , Panthapath Branch because working with them was much(prenominal) a marvelous experience in my life that I will never for absorb.TABLE OF CONTENTS Particular Page No Executive Summary VIII CHAPTER-1 macrocosm 1 1. 1 Origin of the Report 2 1. 2 aim of the Report 2 1. General prey of the Report 2 1. 4 Specific objective of the Report 3 1. 5 Scope of the Report 3 1. 6 Limitations of the Report 4 1. 7 Methodology of the Study 4 1. Sources of Information 5 CHAPTER-2 Economic Conditions In Bangladesh 6 CHAPTER- 3 attention Analysis CHAPTER-4 Company Analysis 12 4. 1 Historical Background Of The Exim margin 13 4. 2 Vision 13 4. 3 Mission 13 4. 4 Objective 14 4. Strategy 15 CHAPTER-5 The General bordering Division 16 CHAPTER-6 imparts And Advances Department 24 25 29 CHAPTER-7 Foreign Exchange Department 39 CHAPTER-8 Competitive smudge of Export Import argot of Bangladesh hold in with Premier swan set 45 CHAPTER-9 SWOT & Financial Analysis 51 Swot Analysis Ratio Analysis CHAPTER-10 tribute & Conclusion 70 10. 1 Findings 71 10. 2 Recomm stamp outation 72 10. 3 Conclusion 73 Appendix 74 Bibliography 78 Executive Summary deposit is a nourisher oriented mercenary enterprise organization. The prime goal of this organization is earning profit as an other wise(p)wise business organization. customer answer is marrow squash product of the intrust. According to Bank Company Act 1991 clause 5(3) Banker subject matter t hat person or imbed of accepting for the purpose of lending or investment of down salary of m championy from public, repayable on occupy.To know your customer is the main slogan in new modern Banking System providing customer services. EXIM Bank Limited has earned a good reputation around Bangladesh. patronage competition among banks operating in Bangladesh twain local and beingness(prenominal), EXIM Bank has stupefy remarkable progress, practically in every sphere of its activities. Export Import Bank of Bangladesh Limited is a third generation private commercial bank in the domain with laudable operating public breakation. This study is in general establish on performance evaluation of EXIM Bank Ltd. Special focus on foreign exchange division. In do to claim foreign the report to a greater consequence meaningful and presentable, use both the original and utility(prenominal) sources of collection information. EXIM Bank Ltd. as al constitute constituted a party fav orable reputation in the banking industry of the acres. At is one of the leading private heavens commercial banks in Bangladesh. The bank has already shown a tremendous return in the profits and wedges beas. To get competitive advantage and to deliver quality service worry lot establish training base and confidence car should be introduced. The over all performance of the bank is very good jibe to its competitive typeset. Within a near future EXIM bank will be a food market attracter among the banks. 1. Introduction 1. 1 Origin of the Report In todays world only academic pro public does make a student perfect to become competitive with the embodied & Global business world.By doing an internship program, a student lowlife get the opportunity to learn facing nearly real business world. Internship is proudly needed to gain psyche knowledge and experience. I am a BBA graduate from Private University in Bangladesh. It has designed its curriculum of the BBA Program such a way that the international standard graduates will be produced. after completing my 139 faith hours I Need to go for further professional experience through Internship program in a Business organization EXIM Bank Ltd. is a place where I have learned the business relationss. This organization has created a positive image to the customers mind by providing better service specifically I am telling about the Panthapath Branch.This subdivision has introduced an exclusive modern banking scheme that has got tall market sharing and rating in the prominent business & banking avenue in Panthapath Bank way. As an BBA Internee Office I have tried to maintain the pace with the competitive business environment on official Activities Culture Philosophy Norms & Styles. It should be reflect the best at any field of my sea captain life The Vice President & Manger is my overall Guide Philosopher & Superior. By receiving his all sorts of cordial support I have been availed the opportunity to w ork with this branch for three months from 10th January 2010 to 9th March 2010. I acquired idea about real business and corporate world. 1. 2 Objective of the Report Prime objects to a big study on Banking System. 1. 3 General objective of the ReportThe report specification base on the overall banking performance evaluation and special focus on foreign exchange division of EXIM Bank Ltd. 1. 4 Specific objective of the Report ? To apply theoretical knowledge in the practical field. ? To make a bridge between the theories and practical procedures of banking day-to-day operations. ? To know the unalike modes of scheme, in EXIM Bank. ? Trend analyses of the different scheme. ? To know the pecuniary activity of bank. ? An overview on the major financial activity and practices of EXIM Bank ? To identify the strategies for EXIM Bank Limited, implementing in constant prosperity of the company ? Analyzing the performance trends of EXIM Bank. To give slightly idea about its management an d organization structure ? To present and overview of EXIM Bank Ltd. ? Comp ar the different mode of scheme of Exim Bank with other similar bank. 1. 5 Scope of the Report First the report presents about the current stinting stipulation of Bangladesh and the present condition of the banking sector of our country and next it gives some ideas about EXIM Bank Ltd. Then it analyzes the performance of the bank based on financial analysis and SWOT analysis. After that, it marks or foreign exchange division. By reading this report one jackpot easily have some ideas about the performance and foreign exchange division of EXIM Bank Ltd. 1. 6 Limitations of the ReportAlthough there were sincere co-operation from employees of EX1M Bank Limited, Panthapath Branch, they could non manage enough time to provide the necessary information for the completion of the report. During the preparation of the report the chase problems occurred that may be termed as the recoilation or shortcomings of th e study. Some of the limitations faced in preparing this report be ? Confidentiality the Banks policy restricts disclosing some information ? Data about the performance of the bank of the yr 2008 have non yet been disclosed by the bank. ? The study of such a short course of time is not free from limitation. ? The data relevant for the analysis report writing sometimes could not be hive away over collectable to excessive year-ending workload at the branch. It is too ofttimes difficult to comment and suggest based on only the annual report and information collected from written documents. ? As some assumptions were made with the help of limited information, there may be some personal mistake in the report ? It was very difficult to collect the information from various incumbents for the job restriction. 1. 7 Methodology of the Study Although there were so legion(predicate) limitations, it was tried to use both the primary and secondary sources of collecting information to ma ke the report presentable with as less abstraction as possible. 1. 8 Sources of Information Two sources (i) prime & (ii) substitute(prenominal) A.Primary data Primary data is always know as survey data. This type of data is collected from the respondent. For this personal Interview with the offices and customers have been conducted. B. Secondary Data Data that were published before for some other reason can be collected using internal and external sources. i) Internal secondary data To furnish the report properly some papers has been collected from the officials of EXIM Bank Ltd. Information from annual reports journals, newspapers and other published documents have been used besides other published information about the organization, attainment interview of the branch manager and second branch manager have also taken. i) External Secondary data For better interpretation some data has been collected from Bangladesh Bank. Inter mesh topology Browsing is also one source of external Secondary data. 2. ECONOMIC CONDITIONS IN BANGLADESH Bangladesh has an agrarian providence with 32% of gross domestic product coming from the Agriculture sector. Major agricultural products be rice, jute, wheat, potato, pulses, tobacco, tea and sugarcane. . The country is the largest exporter of jute and jute goods in the world. Readymade garments ar among the most marketable items. Tea, frozen shrimp, fish, leather goods and handicrafts be also major exportable commodities. The country has under gone a major shift in its economic philosophy and management in recent years.At Bangladeshs birth, the country embraced communism as the economic ideology with a dominant role for the public sector. and, since the mid-seventies, it undertook a major restructuring towards establishing a market economy with emphasis on private sector-led economic growth. During the nineties, the country has completed a major stabilization program which has reduced inflation as well as fiscal and curr ent flyer deficits and established a healthy foreign exchange reserve position with low and sustainable debt-service liabilities. With subaltern economic growth, the basic indicators related to health, education and poverty have all shown sustained improvement.According to a ball Bank opine, Bangladesh has the 36th largest economy in the world in terms of GNP based on the purchasing power parity method of valuation, and the 55th largest in terms of nominal GNP in U. S. Dollars. Bangladesh economy grew on an average at above 6. 0 percent in the last cardinal years up to FY07 . According to the provisional estimates of the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS),real GDP recorded a strong growth of 6. 5 percent in FY07,which is marginally lower than 6. 6percent recorded in FY06 . This growth was commendable as it was procured in challenging environment marked by high and volatile oil price ,phasing out of the MFA quota, labour unrest in the garment industry and confrontational pol itical situation of the country in the premiere half of FY07. With reasonable support from agriculture sector, the 6. percent real GDP growth was underpinned mainly by industry sector and services sector. The expansion was broad based, registering positive growth by all sectors and sub-sectors of the economy. Spurred by a robust 9. 5 percent growth in industry sector and 6. 7 percent growth in services sector, GDP growth during the year was also aided by 3. 2 percent growth in the agriculture sector. The domestic nest egg-investment gap was met with net factor income from afield which increased by 37. 0 percent in FY07 from 4. 4 percent in FY06 reflecting higher economys growth. The domestic savings investment gap was met with net factor income from abroad which increased by 37. 0 percent in FY07.The rising trend of inflation of FY06 as measured by CPI intimidate in FY07 mainly due to higher prices of oil and some other trade goods in the international market, distortion in th e supply side factors and demand pressure generated from excess gold supply . laggard import of consumer necessities pulling their domestic prices heightened the price pressures. Annual average CPI (base FY96) inflation as of end June 2007was 7. 20 percent, compargond to 7. 16 percent as of end June 2006. There was notable increase of food prices cistron of CPI inflation from 7. 8 percent as of end June 2006 to 8. 1 percent as of end June 2007. Maintaining a favorable investment environment and a sound macroeconomic management ar all-important(prenominal) to strengthen private sector investment in the economy.In view of medium term outlook of sustainable economic growth and low inflation for world and south Asian economies and assuming continuation of careful policies and progress in advancing structural reforms, the near and medium term economic prospects of Bangladesh appear favorable. 3. assiduity ANALYSIS Bank plays an important role in this modern world. The organic evo lution of industries and business sectors of a country mainly depends on good banking system. The industries and businessman are taking short and long term lend from banks. In the modern world international businesses are fully depended on banks. Without sound banking system no country can develop in international vocation. Bank constitutes an important segment of the financial base of operations of any country. The economic history of many an(prenominal) countries reveals that economic development and growth of financial infrastructure go hand in hand.Financial system of a country is the heart of a countrys economic system as it connects suppliers of the investment firms and demanders of fund, which is needed to produce economic goods. It also provides a large range of employment opportunity. As Bangladesh is containing a bank base economy, its economic development is largely depended on the development of banking sectors. Bangladesh appeared as a new nation on the world map in the year 1971. After independence financial institutions, especially banks played a vital role in re-constructing the war-torn economy of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Bank is the central bank of the country and is in charge of monetary policies of the Government and controls all commercial banks. Development and growth of our banking system may be divided into three parts. The performance of our banking system during 1972 to 1982 was commendable in respect of expending network and providing easy credit to the socially desirable sectors but every bit frustrating with regard to maintaining validity and customer services. The second phase from 1983 to 1989 was characterized by denationalization and privatization of banking system without broad-basing the prudential and information regulatory framework however, these measures of denationalization and privatization could not bring the viability and operational efficiency of banking system.Under the above muckle and with the recommendation of World Bank, a Financial Sector Reform pop (FSRP) was undertaken in 1989 by the government, which can be identified with third phase of the development of our banking system. The government of Bangladesh has also enacted some important acts namely financial institutions act 1993, Securities and Exchange Commission act 1993, the companies act 1994 and recently Bankruptcy act 1997. The present day banking structure has evolved over several decodes. The far-reaching program of economic reform is being carried out at present towards efficient utilization of scare resources and the development of private entrepreneurship. Banks are financial service firms, producing and merchandising professional management of the publics fund as well as performing many other roles in the economy.Banks are those financial institutions that offer the widest rang of financial functions of any business firm in the economy. Competition is strengthened by the entry of new and innovative provides of financ ial services, through the development of Money market and hood market. Money market is designed for the qualification of short-term loans where individuals and institutions with temporary surplus of funds meet borrowers who have temporary specie shortages. great(p) market is deigned to finance long-term loans where individuals and institutions with temporary surplus of finds meet borrowers who have temporary cash in shortages. Capital market is designed to finance long-term investments.Private sector commercial banks are private companies operate under the legislative framework, which covers both Company Act, and Banking Company Act, under the on waiver financial liberalization, EXIM Bank emerges as a new Bank in private sector to operate at the Banking arena of Bangladesh It is committed to provide high quality financial services/ products to contribute to the growth of GDP of the country through stimulating passel and commerce, accelerating the pace of industrialization, boo sting up export, creating employment opportunity for the educated offspring , poverty alleviation, raising standard of living of limited income group and overall sustainable socio-economic development of the country. 4. society ANALYSIS 4. 1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE EXIM BANK EXIM Bank- Export Import Bank of Bangladesh Ltd. was named at first as BEXIM Bank BEXIM stands for Bengal Export Import of Bangladesh. This new commercial Bank was opened in dreadful 03, 1999 with some new innovative visions in customer services.The Bank received the certificate of incorporate no. C-37864 (2164)/99 under the commencement of the business on the same day by the slit 150(2) under companies Act. A part from the steer office in Dilkusha C/A, it stared its first local branch in Motijheel C/A simultaneously in night club to provide all kinds of Banking support to the clients. On declination 02, 1999 the second branches both in Dhaka City and other cities. Now it has twenty-five branches in the country. 4. 2 VISION The gist of EXIM bank vision is Together Towards Tomorrow. Export Import Bank of Bangladesh Limbed believes in togetherness with its customers, in its march or the road to growth and progress with services.To achieve the desired goal, there will be pursuit of excellence at all stages with a climate of consecutive improvement, because, in EXIM Bank, they believe, the striving of excellence is never ending. Banks strategic plans and networking will strengthen its competitive edge over others in chop-chop changing competitive environments. Their personalized qualities services to the customers with the trend of constant improvement will be base achieve their operational success. 4. 3 MISSION The bank has checked out the spare-time activity corporate objectives in order to suss out smooth achievement of its goals- ? To be the most caring and customer friendly and service oriented bank. ? To create a technology base most efficient banking environment for it s customers ? To ensure ethical motive and transparency in ail levels To ensure sustainable growth and establish full value of the sound shareholders and ? Above all, to add effective contribution to the national economy Eventually the bank also emphasize on ? Provide high quality financial services in export and import trade ? Providing efficient customer service ? Maintaining corporate and business ethics ? Being trusted repository of customers money and their financial adviser ? Making its products superior and rewarding to the customers ? Display team spirit and professionalism ? Sound Capital Base ? Enhancement of shareholders wealth ? Fulfilling its social commitments by expanding its charitable and humanitarian activities 4. Objective Bangladesh is now intact part of global market. As such there is an urgent requirement for Bangladesh to place the traditional banking pretties in harness with the global trades of a free market economy by following international banking custom s, practices and standards. at once clients of a bank in Bangladesh are exposed as well as international markets. They have to stay update with their practice and standards to meet the demands of achieving harmony in the high standards of a free economy. EXIM Bank fully appreciates the importance and implication of the rapidly emerging competition in the banking and finance sector of Bangladesh.It intends support its customer suited to his or her place in the market. In this regards EXIM Bank emphasizes in its employment the software package aspects of human resource capability. It also emphasizes competence among its banking professional to cater to vary customer requirements to the modern time. The objectives of EXIM BANK is not only to earn profit but also to keep the social commitment and to ensure its co-operation to the person of alt level, to the businessman, industrialist specially who are engaged in establishing large-scale industry by pond and the agro-based export orie nted medium and small scale industries by self inspiration.EXIM BANK is always ready to maintain highest quality of services by upgrading banking technology prudence in management and by applying high standard of business ethic through its established commitment and heritage. EXIM BANK is committed to ensure its contribution to national economy by increasing its profitability through professional and disciplined growth dodging for its customer and by creating corporate culture in international banking area. 4. 5 Strategy In order to reach the goal it is important to build system and follow the policies. If it can select the appropriate strategy and choose the right policy, it will be very easy to touch its desired position.The distinguishing attribute of policy is to set the over all boundaries for activities. According to this system when the bank was started it has to decide what kind of business it is going to be in. The Bank also has to decide on its growth and communicate thr ough am system of major objective of the business is to reach the goal, to reach the desired position from the current status. There might be a turn of events of ways to reach there and its has to be decided which path would be easier to reach the objective. So the authority has no decided which path they select to proceed. The following figure can be explained clearly. Slogan of the EXIM Bank Local Bank Global NetworkThe world EXIM implies the meaning of its operation. through with(predicate) it is a new type of Bank in Bangladesh it is familiar with so many countries in the world such as Export Import Bank of the United States, Export Import Bank of Japan. Despite it is a local Bank, It has spread of its operation in the whole world through foreign Banking. To achieve the desired goal, it has intention to pursuit f excellence at stages with a climate of continuous improvement. Because it believes, the line of excellence is never ending. It also believes that its strategic plans and business networking will strength its competitive edge over in rapidly changing competitive environment.It motto I to provide quality service to the customers all over the world so, the slogan of the Bank Local Bank Global Network is completely adaptable with its operation. THE GENERAL BANKING DIVISION Internship has provided the opportunity to coordinate the theoretical knowledge that one has gathered in MBA distinguish with the practical field. Although three months is not a very long stoppage to learn the whole social occasion that usually occurs in an organization. The supervisor divided this report into three parts. 1) The general banking segment 2) The enthronement plane section 3) The foreign Exchange department. Learning experience from General Banking DivisionThe main business of this Division is dealings with Deposit. There are two types of Deposit in this Branch and General Banking division as the following section 1. Deposit section 2. government note Sectio n 3. Remittance section 4. Clearing section 5. Customer Service section 6. coin section and 7. Information Technology section Task I Handled in this Division is 1. source nebs 2. Opening Monthly saving scheme, 3. Modaraba Term Deposit Account Current 4. Deposit foreign current Deposit Account 5. Modarada short notice Deposit (STD). 6. resolute Deposit, Steady Money. 7. rationalise Draft (D. D) 8. Telegraphic counterchange (T. T) 9. giftment Order (P/O) 10. Travelers Check (T. C) 1. Issuing Check. Pay Order (PO) Pay order is one kind of unconditional promissory note or instrument that is issued by the Bank to the customer. The difference between check and pay order is the mode of en representativement. Demand Draft Demand Drafts are made for the change over of money from one place to another(prenominal) in the form of cheques through a particular Bank, which can be ensued right way. The Bank issues DD for their outer district branches. Telegraph/ Telephone Transfer When a ce rtain sum total of money is asked by the client to transfer from one branch to another than it is called telegraph/ telephone transfer. For TT, there is a particular from.When the form is filled up properly and deposits the make out by the applicant, the sure officer issued a be memo to the screening for their confirmation. lssuing cheques Books Checkbook issue is a very sensitive because most of the fraud occurs through this checkbook. Customer requiring check books to fill out requisition ship. For saving accounts 10 pages check book issued and CD/SOD/ CC accounts issued 25 and 50 pages checkbook. Cash Section In clearing section the work is to clear the cheques, DDs and POs through Bangladesh Bank that are submitted for cash collection. Everyday morning offer another in the evening called return house.In the hose all the Banks congressman sit together and exchanges their money receive instrument of their particular bank to clear the paper and transfer to money the paper p artlcular accounts. Type of Clearing There is two type of clearing 1) In- harbor 2) Out Ward In- ward Those Cheques or instrument of EXIM, which are submitted to other banks for collections are called In Ward Clearing. Out- Ward The cheques of other banks that are submitted to the EXIM for collections are called out-ward Clearing. Cash Section Cash is the main element of all financial activities. The cash section of any branch plays very significant role. Its very sensitive place of the branch, because it deals with most facile assets. The EXIM Bank Mirpur Branch has an equipped cash section.This section receives cash from depositors/Client and pays cash against cheques draft, salary order and pay to slip over the counter This section deals with all type as of negotiable instruments and in includes volt. Used as the store of cash instrument, the main functions of the sections are cash recognize and cash disbursement. Accounts Opening Section This section deals with open of diff erent types of accounts. It is also deals with issuing of books and different deposit boos to the different accounts opener. A customer can open different types of accounts through this department such as l. Current Account 2. Saving Account 3. located deposit account (FDR) 4.Short term Deposit (STD) 5. Monthly saving intention (Money Grover) 6. Monthly income scheme (Steady money) 7. Smart saver Scheme 8. Multi plus saving Account 9. Super saving scheme 10. pedagogics saving scheme EXIM Bank gives special importance various deposit schemes are l. Monthly saving Scheme (money Grower) 2. Monthly income scheme (Steady Money) 3. Multi plus savings A/C 4 Super saving scheme 5. Double benefit Scheme 6. Smart saver Scheme 7. And Education saving Scheme Types of Accounts with Terms and Conditions Current (CD) Account Current account is purely a demand deposit account. There is no restriction on with mountaining money from the account.It is basically justified when funds are to be colle cted and money is to be paying(a) at frequent interval. Some Important Points are as follows- Minimum start deposit of TK. 1000/- is required There is no withdrawal limit. No raise is given upon the deposited money Minimum Tk. 1000/= balance must(prenominal) always maintain all the time. Savings (SB) Account The bank provides savings account services for the ease of its clients. It offers both personal and corporate Savings Account to its clients in every branch. Hence, there is a restriction on withdrawals in a month. Heavy withdrawals are permitted only against front notice. Some Important Points are as follows- Minimum opening deposit of Tk. 5000/= is required Minimum Tk. 1000/= balance must always maintain all the time Withdrawal summation should not be more than 1/4th of the total balance at a time and limit twice in a month. If withdrawal amount exceed 1/4th of the total balance at a time no interest is given upon the deposited money for that month. The current rate on deposit amount is 6%. Closing of saving accounts will cost 300tk to a customer. Short Term Deposit (STD) Account Normally various big companies, organizations, Government Departments keep money in STD account. Frequent withdrawal is discouraged and requires prior(prenominal) notice.The deposit should be kept for at least seven days to get interest. The interest offered for STD is less than that of savings deposit. refer is calculated based on periodical minimum product and paid two times in a year. Interest rate is 4. 50%. Call Deposits (Money at Call) Sometime the banker secures funds from the money markets usually from other bankers against recognize to meet his purely tepmorary shortage of funds. These debts are repayable immediately at call. When the money market is clinched such derosits attract higher rate of interst and then to be treated as bankers borrowings as call loans. Account opening To dill with the bank individuals need to have an account first.The part iculars are prerequisite for identification of the account holders individually so that the banker can discharge his obligations to every one correctly and to the extent due. Documents required for opening account ? Individual / Joint Account 1. Introduction of the account. 2. Two photographs of the signatories duly attest by the introducer. 3. Identity (copy of passport). 4. Joint Declaration Form (For joint a/c only). 5. Employees credentials (in case of service holder). ? confederacy account 1. Introduction of the account. 2. Two photographs of the signatories duly attested by the introducer. 3. Partnership earn duly signed by all partners (Sign should be similar as stated in Partnership Deed). 4. Partnership Deed duly certified byNotary public. 5. Registration (If any). 6. Updated Trade license. ? Proprietorship account 1. Introduction of the account. 2. Two photographs of the signatories duly attested by the introducer. 3. Valid copy of Trade License. 4. Rubber stamp. 5. T IN effect certificate. 6. Identity (Copy of passport). 7. Permission earn from DC/ Magistrate (in case of newspaper) 8. ? Limited company 1. Introduction of the account. 2. Two photographs of the signatories duly attested by the Introducer. 3. Valid copy of Trade License. 4. Board resolution of opening A/C duly certified by the chairperson/Managing Director. 5. Certificate of Incorporation. 6.Certificate of Commencement (In case of Public limited company). 7. dependent (joint stock) true copy of the Memorandum and Article of Association of the Company duly attested by Chairman or Managing Director. 8. List of directors along with appellation & specimen signature. 9. Latest certified copy of Form dozen (to be certified by register of joint stock companies) (In case of Directorship change). 10. Rubber Stamp (Seal with designation of each person) 11. Certificate of enrolment (In case of Insurance Company Obtained from department of Insurance from the Peoples Republic of BD). ? social club / societies account 1. Introduction of the account. 2.Two photographs of the Signatories duly attested by the introducer. 3. Board Resolution for Opening A/C duly certified by President/ Secretary. 4. List of Existing Managing Committee. 5. Registration (if any). 6. Rubber Stamp. 7. Permission letter from Bureau of N. G. O. (In case of N. G. O. A/C). Savings Scheme Monthly Income Scheme Multiplus Savings Smart saver Super Saving Scheme Monthly Savings Scheme (Money Grower) Hajj Scheme Finance/Loans somatic Finance Industrial Finance Lease Finance Hire Purchase Finance Commercial Loans Project Finance Syndicate Loans Retail Loans Mortgage Loans Loan against Share and Securities Account Opening results Step 1 The account should be properly introduced by either one of the following An existing Current Account holder of the Bank. Officials of the Bank not below the rank of an Assistant officer. A respectable person of the neighbourhood well kno wn to the Manager/Sub-Manager of the Branch refer. Step 2 Receiving filled up application in banks prescribed form mentioning what type of account is desired to be opened. Step 3 The form is filled up by the applicant himself / herself Two copies of passport size photographs from individual are taken, in case of firms photographs of all partners are taken Applicants must submit required documents Application must sign specimen signature sheet and give mandate Introducers signature and accounts number substantiate by legal officer Step 4 Authorized Officer accepts the application Step 5 Minimum balance is deposited only cash is accepted Step 6 Account is opened and a Cheque book and pay-in-slip book is given Account Sections Daily function The routine day by day tasks of the accounts department are as follows 1. Recording the daily transactions in the cash book 2. Recording the daily transactions in general and subsidiary ledgers 3. Preparin g the daily position of the branch comprising of deposit and cash 4.Preparing the daily statement of affairs showing all the assists and liability of the branch as per ledger and subsidiary leader separately. 5. Making payment of all expenses of the Branch 6. Recording inters branch fund transfer and providing accounting sermon in this regard. 7. Checking whether all the vouchers are correctly passed to ensure the Conformity with the Activity Report if otherwise making it correct by calling the respective official to rectify the voucher. 8. Recording of the vouchers in the Voucher prove 9. Packing of the correct vouchers harmonise to the debit voucher and the credit voucher. Periodical Tasks The routine periodical tasks performed by the department are as follows. 1. Preparing the monthly salary statements for the employees 2.Publishing the basic data of the branch 3. Preparing the weekly position for the branch this is sent to the manoeuvre Office to maintain Cast Reserve requir ement 4. Preparing the monthly position for the branch, this is sent to the Head office to maintain statuary liquidity requirement. 5. Preparing the weekly position for the branch comprising of the break up of sector wise deposit, credit etc. 6. Preparing the weekly position for the branch comprising of the denomination wise statement of cash in tills. 7. Preparing the budget for the branch by fixing the target regarding profit and deposit so as to take necessary steps to general and mobilize deposit 8.Preparing an Extract which is a compendious of all the transactions of the Head Office account with the branch to reconcile all the transaction held among the accounts of all the branches. General Account General account is important one, which has to be maintained by each branch. and then general account is are record of Oregonian and responding transactions among inter- branches of the same bank. All types of assets and liabilities of one branch with another one are settled throug h this account. Branch can know how much the bank is liable with Head Office. The debit and credit balance shows assets and liabilities of the respective branch. Statement or AffairsAccounts section prepares the statement of affairs for finding the profit/ loss as well as amount of assets and liabilities of concerned branch per day Theoretically, it is called financial statement and has tow parts 1. Income and Expenditure Account 2. Statement of Assets and Liabilities amortisation and Depreciation Amortization is the allocation of the cost of an intangible asset to expense for example, prepaid expenditure, prepaid indemnity and good will etc Amortization schedule is determined by the decision of management. Establishment This section deals with employees salary, much type of internal expenses such as purchase of pen, paper equipment, machinery and payment of labor Cost and employee conveyance. In cause of leave of absence employee collects prescribed from this section. LOANS AND A DVANCES DEPARTMENT IntroductionBanking is essentially a business dealing organization with money and credit like all other business activates. Banks are profit-oriented organization. A bank invites its find many ways to earn more and more profit and most of its income is derived from loans and advances. Bank makes loans and advances to traders, Businesspersons, industrialists and many other persons against security system of some cautions policy and sound lending principle in the matter of lending. EXIM Bank is a lending bank in loans and advances and it grant loans in various sectors especially in industry, trade and commerce. Types of loans and advances There may be different types of loans and advance given from the commercial banks such as EXIM Bank Ltd. Of our country.Loans and advances may be in the following types 1. Cash credit 2. Overdraft 3. House Building loan (General and Staff) 4. loony toons (Car) loan (only for senior staff) 5. Consumer credit Scheme 6. Loan against Imported Merchandise (LIM) 7. Loan Bills purchases Documentary (LBPD) 8. Loan against Other Securities (LAOS) 9. Term Loan Brief Idea about the different types of loans and advance Cash assurance (CC) Cash credit is an governing body by which the customer is allowed to borrow May up to a creation limit. This permanent line of battle and the customers need not to draw the canonical amount of money at a time. The borrower can draw the money when required.The borrower can put back any surplus, amount, which he/she may he affect frequently. Intersect is charged only to the amount with drawn and not he whore amount sanctioned cash credit arrangement is usually divide into two ways such as 1. Cash credit pledge 2. Cash credit hypothecation Cash Credit Pledge In case of cash credit pledge pigheadedness of the goods dealings to bank and ownership of the of the goods belongs to borrower and bank the possessions of the goods as primary security. The goods storied in go down under lock a nd key by direct supervision of the bank. If the borrower wants to sell any potion of the pledged goods he/she permission of bank with returning the value of the loan amount.It is and then regarded as the most secured type of advance. Cash Credit hypothecation In case of cash Credit hypothecation possession of the goods not transferred to the bank and therefore such and advance is no better than a clean loan, such an advance can thus only be disposed(p) to a person in whose justness the barked has full confidence cash credit in the form of Hypothecation is usually accompanied with mortgagee of resolute properties. The pray/ borrower possesses the lock and key of the down. The formality of opening cash Credit There intending cash credit holder should submit the following documents and being fill up properly 1. Stock repot, rend receipt 2. Trade license 3.Up to date income tax clearings certificate 4. Charge documents 5. letter of Continuity 6. letter of arrangement 7. DP (Demand Promissory) note 8. Letter of guarantee 9. Letter lien 10. Limit sanction advice 11. Non-Encumbrance Certificate detect the documents the bank authority prepares a cc proposal from that contains the following information 1. Nature of business 2. Banking with EXIM 3. handing over with CD account by the client 4. Allied deposit with SB/STD account. 5. Number of adjustment (s) how many times the CC holder made his/her Account nil that means debit balance come to to credit balance. 6. Recycling it is ration of total credit summation to the limit.If the ratio is Higher it is better from bankers points of view. 7. resign over in the account 8. By the incasement authority the bank holds the power to encase the FDR the encasement authority at any time in case borrowers failure to repay the loan amount with interest in due time. Based in the above-mentioned information the dealing officer of the loans and advances department prepares recommendation about the prospect of granting the CC loan to the client. Overdraft Overdraft is an arrangement between the banker and the customer by which the letter is allowed to withdraw over his/her credit balance in the current account up to an agreed limit.The borrower is permitted for draw and repays any number of times, provided he total amount overdrawn dose not exceeds the agreed limit. Here the interest is charged only for the amount withdrawn over the limit. Not for the whole amount. Overdraft is divided into tow categories Secured overdraft (SOD) flitting overdraft (TOD) Secured overdraft It is allowed against the full security (i. e. FDR, ICB unit Certificates). Temporary Overdraft It is allowed to the customer for a very short period of time. But EXIM bank deals only secured overdraft. Car Loans This is a special type of loan, which is only provided for the staff of EXIM Bank.Usually AVP and above level officers get this kind facility. This loan is reimbursed on instrument al-Qaeda and repayable after each month. Ho use Building loan (General and Staff) General house building loan is providing into two sectors Generally Staff of course house building loan is paid for the construction of commercial building, and owners etc, procedures for sanctioning house- building loan as follows- Application for sectioning loan Application properly filled up for credit facilities supplied by the bank. Personal net worth statement each director Enquiry form Required papers for sanctioning HB loan Copy of general power of attorney Copy of material certificate Copy of engineers estimate Copy of stick outed cash flow Loan (General) In case of loan the banks sanction some of money for a certain period of time. The enter amount is one time disbursement and paid in cash or credit loan A/C. The interest is charged on full sanctioned amount 16%. The bank generally sanctions loan to establish industry. These types of loan are granted for capital expenditure such as purchase of land, constriction of factory b uilding, purchase of new machinery and modernization of plant. The borrower cannot withdraw this type of loan once repaid in full or in part again. Formalities for extending project loan Loan application formAfter receiving the loan application from the borrower the branch scrutinizes the application whether it is viable or not. Loan application from contains the following particulars amongst other detail below Particular description of the Project. Nature of the Project Detail information about the borrower Statements of assets and liabilities of the borrower with declaration Detail information about proposed products, machinates and manpower etc Project cost and source of fund. Market for the proposed project. Feasibility report This report is provided by the borrower, which includes the following aspects of the project Marketing aspect Technical aspect financial aspect Managing aspect Socio-economic aspect 1) Classification Procedure 1.Categories of Loans- At first all loans and advances will be grouped into four categories for the purpose of classification, such as- (a) uninterrupted Loans (b) Demand Loans (c) Fixed Term Loans and (d) Short Term and Agriculture & Micro Credit. (a) Continuous Loans The loan A/C in which transaction may be made within a certain limit and have an conclusion date for full adjustment will be treated as continuous loan. Exp CC, OD etc. (b) Demand Loans The loan that becomes repayable by the party on demand by his bank will be treated as demand loans. If any contingent or any other liabilities are turned into forced loan will also be treated as demand loan. Exp. LIM, PAD, FBP, IBP etc. (c) Fixed Term Loans The loan which is repayable with in the specific time period under a pacific repayment schedule will be treated as Fixed Term Loans. d) Short Term Agriculture & Micro Credit Short Term Agricultural Credit will be as per list issued by Agricultural Credit and Specialized Programmers Department (ACSPD) of Banglad esh Bank under the Agricultural Credit Programmed. Credit in the Agricultural sector repayable within 1(one) year will also be included herein. Short Term Micro Credit includes any micro credit not exceeding TK. 25,000. 00 and repayable within 12 months. 2) Basis for Loan Classification (A) Objective Criteria (1) Past due/ over due In this point we saw four factors those are a) Any continuous loan if not repaid / renewed within the frozen resultant date for repayment be treated as past due/ overdue from the following day of the expiry date. ny demands loan if not repaid/ rescheduled within the fixed expiry date will be treated as past due/ overdue from the following day of the expiry date. b) In case any initiation of a fixed term loan (repayable within fives) is not repaid within the fixed expiry date, the amount of undischarged installment will be treated as past due/ overdue (defaulted instilment) from the following day of the expiry date of the particular installment. c) Inc ase of any installment or part installment of a Fixed Term Loan (repayable over five years) is not repaid within the fixed expiry date, the amount of unpaid installment will be treated as past due/ overdue after 6(six) months of the expiry date of that particular installment. ) The Short Term Agriculture & Micro Credit if not repaid within the fixed expiry date for repayment will be considered as past due/ over due (defaulted instilment) after 6(six) month of the expiry date. (B) Qualitative Judgment If any uncertainty or doubt arises in respect of recovery of any continuous, Demand or Term Loans the same will have to be classified as Sub- Standard or Doubtful or Bad/ Loss. Considering the merit of the A/C on the basis of qualitative judgment be it classified or not on the basis of objective criteria. The Bank will discriminate on the basis of qualitative judgment and can be- classify loans if qualitative improvement does occur.But if a loan classified by Bangladesh Bank inspection Team, the same can be de- classified with the sycophancy of the Board of Directors of the Banks. CIB Report sooner making credit report to the head office the lending branch takes the credit information to the borrower from the CIB (credit Information Bureau) of Bangladesh Bank and other financial institutions. For obtaining this report the branch sends Inquiry form to CIB duly filled in particulars of the borrower. The report id divided into 5 segments. Project judgement It is the reinvestment analysis done by Banker before a project is approved. Project appraisal in the Banking sector is needed for following reasons To ensue repayment of the Bank finance To achieve the organizational goals To establish industrialists in a country. The main tasks of the project appraisal is to justify the soundness of an investment by the Banker by means of a capital and systematic of the different elements of the Project For this purpose Banks use two types of analysis bestow Risk Analysis (L RA) Spread Sheet Analysis (SSA) Lending take a chance analysis Lending risk analysis is modern methodologies, which describes how to access the risks that are inherent any credit extension and how to access the likeliness that the customer will repay a loan. The LRA form contains 16 pages to analysis different categories of Risks.The Financial Sector Reform project introduces the lending Risk analysis format in 1993. LRA is a standardize format for analyzing the credit worthiness of a borrower and the likeliness that the borrow will repay. Bangladesh bank issued a letter number BCD (p) 611/13/290 dated 17-07-1994, which now makes it mandatory for the commercial Banks to implement the LRA approach to credit analysis prior to extending credit facilities to a Borrower. The modern concept of lending is purpose and production oriented and not security oriented. The emphasis should be given not any security rather on he likelihood of repayment, the credit worthiness of the customer sou ndness and viability of the business etc. Lending PrinciplesThe Principle of lending is a collection of certain accepted time tested standards, which ensure the proper use of Investment fund in a profitable way and its timely recovery. Different authors describe different principles for sound lending. 1. arctic 2. Security 3. Liquidity 4. Adequate yield 5. Diversity Process of Investment Heads Characteristics Application Applicant applies for the Investment in the prescribed form of the bank describing the types and purpose of Investment. Sanction Collecting credit information about the applicant to determine the credit worthiness of the borrower. Sources of information Personal Investigation, Confidential Report from other bank, Head Office/Branch/Chamber of Commerce. CIB (Central Information Bureau) report from Central Bank. Evaluation of compliance with its lending policy. Evaluating the proposed security. LRA is must for the Investment exceeding one crore as ordered by Bangladesh Bank. If everything is in accordance the Investment is sanctioned Documentation Then bank prepare a Investment proposal which contains terms and conditions of Investment for approval of H. O. or Manager. Takes the necessary papers and signatures from borrower Disbursement An Investment Account is opened. Where customer A/CDr. respective(prenominal) Investment A/C -Cr. FOREIGN EXCHANGE DEPARTMENT Introduction One of the largest businesses carried out by the commercial bank is foreign trading. The trade among various countries fills for close link between the parties dealing in trade. The situation calls for expertise in the field of foreign exchange operations. The bank, which provides such operations refereed to as rending international Banking operation. Mainly trisections with overseas countries are respects of import, export and foreign remittance come under the preview of foreign exchange transaction, and international trade demands a flow of g oods from seller to buyer of payment from buyer to seller.In this case the Bank plays a vital role to bridge between the buyer and seller. Foreign Exchange Mechanism in Flow Chart Sales/Purchase contract Issues L/C Forward Forward documents Makes payment Makes payment Foreign Exchange department of EXIM Bank is department of all departments. This department handles various types of activates by three separate sections 1. Import Section 2. Export section 3. Foreign Remittance. Import Section The functions are of the section is mainly to deal with various components such as Letter of Credit (L/C) Payment against Document (PAD) Payment against Trust Receipt (PTR) Loan against Imported Merchandise (LIM) Letter of Credit (L/C) DefinitionA letter of credit can be defined as an arrangement where in a Bank Guarantee on behalf of these customers to make payments to the beneficiary upon presentation of documents specified in the credit. Parties involved in L/C Opener/ Buyer/Importer The p erson who opens the L/C is known as opener/ buyer/importer of the L/C. The buyer and the seller conclude a sales contract providing for payment by documentary credit. 0pening Bank The Bank issuing the L/C in favor of exporter is known as opening Bank. The opening bank opens L/C on request of importer according to application of the importer. Advising Bank The Bank through L/C is advised their agent (correspondent Bank) abroad.The duty of the advising Bank is to authenticate the message so that is to the seller can act on it without any fear of counterfeit etc. Beneficiary Seller and exporter in whose favor the L/C are opened. The beneficiary is normally the seller of good who receive payment under documentary credit. If has compiled with terms and conditions thereof. Negotiating Bank The Bank that is authorized to handle (purchase) the documents under the L/C in the exporting country is known as negotiating Bank. L/C will stipulate either a notified bank to negotiate (restricted L/ C) or any bank can negotiate in the sellers country (unrestricted L/C). Reimbursing Bank The Bank that is (by the L/C issuing Bank) to effect reimbursement is known as reimbursing bank.Reimbursing Bank authorized to honor the reimbursement claims in settlement of negotiation/ accepting/ payments lodged with its by the paying/ negotiating/ accepting Bank. corroborative Bank A Confirming Bank is one which adds the guarantee to the credit opened by another bank. Therese undertaking the responsibility of payment/ negotiating/ acceptance under the credit in addition to that of the issuing Bank. A confirming Bank normally does so it requested by the issuing Bank. Types of L/C Revocable/ irrevocable L/C Confirmed/ unconfirmed L/C. Transferable L/C Back to back L/C Acceptance L/C Revolving L/C Red clause L/C unfledged close L/C The EXIM Bank basically deals with irrevocable L/c. which can not be amended or cancelled by the issuing Bank at any moment and without prior to the benefi ciary.It also deals back to back L/C, which is the letter of credit, provided by the exporter to the import the raw materials from abroad in order to produce the exportable commodity for the importer. Procedures for opening L/C Application for opening L/C An importer who is desirous to import goods from foreign country will apply Issuing Bank for opening a L/C. The importer will provide an application mentioning the following aspects 0 Full particulars of applications Bank account. 0 Types of business 0 Historical background 0 Amount of required L/C limit 0 Amount of L/C margin. 0 Term of payment 0 Name of imported goods 0 Repayment schedule and source of fund Document schedule and source of fund.An importer or L/C opener has to submit the following documents 0 Application from (provided by the Bank) 0 Import registration certificate 0 Pro-forma invoice 0 Four sets of IMP from 0 Insurance cover not 0 VAT registration number 0 Tex registration number 0 Letter of credit authorization form Examination for opening L/C Application must be cautiously checked by the concerned officer considering the facts mentioning below ? The terms and conditions of L/C applications are ordered with exchange control and import trade resolution UCPDC 500. ?Illegibility of imported goods ?The L/C must be opened in favor of importer ?That is signed by the importer and agreed with the terms and conditions. Indenting registration number ?Goods are not of Israel and vassals to be used are not of Israel ? Insurance cover note with date of shipment. ?Whether RC is up to date or not ?Whether IMP form is duly filled up and singed ?The imported goods are marketable After scrutinizing all thee legal aspects necessary entry is given to the margin register and charge, citizens committee and margin in realized. Transmitting the L/C The L/C is transmitted to the advising Bank for advising the L/C to he beneficiary. L/C is generally transmitted through tested Telex of Fax. Before transmission of f inal examination of the L/C contents is