General Biology Ii Study Guide (Online Class)

1. Is the gametophyte stage dominant in Bryophytes? Yes or No 2. Most plants have vascular tissue; these constitute the ________ plants. Vascular 3. Seeds can lie dormant for many years. True 4. Bryophytes are small because they lack ______. Vascular Tissue 5. Leaves increase the surface area for photosynthesis. True 6. Seeds contain _____ inside of a protective coat. Nutrient supply, embryo 7. Angiosperms produce seeds that are often enclosed by _____. Fruit 8. _____ transports water in vascular plant. Xylem 9. Pollen is usually dispersed by _____. Wind 10. A ________________ is an embryo and nutrients surrounded by a protective coat.Seed11. Which phylum includes ferns? Phylum Pterophyta12. ________________ are organs that anchor vascular plants. Roots13. What is the difference in reproduction between a blueberry bush and a pine tree? Pine trees do not produce flowers and produce seeds that are not enclosed by fruit. Blueberry bushes produce flowers and produce seeds enclosed by fruit.14. Seedless vascular plants reproduce via spores contained inside seeds. False15. Experiment 2 in lab showed that _____. Plants take up carbon dioxide.16. Non-vascular plants are commonly called ______. Bryophytes17. Which phylum are the moss in?Bryophyta18. Bryophytes require _____ for fertilization to occur. Water19. A fern is a seedless vascular plant. True20. Lab experiment 1 for this week clearly showed that _____. Aquatic plants will produce gas when exposed to light.21. Gymnosperms do not produce seeds. False22. _____ transports sugars in vascu lar plants. Phloem23. Describe two things that are unique to angiosperms that help them in reproduction. They have flowers and the ability of â€Å"double fertilization†.24. A ______ is a passageway for oxygen and carbon dioxide. They are holes in the underside of a leaf. toma (pl. stomata)25. Vascular tissue arrangement is directly related to the stem’s ability for _______________ growth. Secondary26. Trichomes can protect a plant from predation by herbivores. True27. The ground tissue cells called _____ cells are the most common type of plant cell and carry out photosynthesis. Parenchyma28. Which part of the root would you look in if you wanted to find a cell going through mitosis (cell reproduction)? Zone of cell division29. Which type of vascular tissue allows the movement of water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves? Xylem30. What structure protects the root as it pushes its way through the soil? Root cap31. All plant cells contain secondary cell walls. Fal se32. _______________ meristems are located at the tips of stems and roots. Apical33. Which type of plant tissue is for protection? Dermal34. Which type of vascular tissue carries sugars to all parts of the plant. Phloem35. The alternate form of leaf arrangement is the most common of the three types of leaf arrangement. True36. What are plant cell walls made of? Cellulose37. Vascular plants have a have a specialized circulation system composed of [x] and [y]. X=Xylem, Y=Phloem38. Which plant organ is a beet? Root39. Guard cells are responsible for closing and opening the lenticellular maculation. False40. The diffusion of water vapor from a plant is called ____. Transpiration41. Some kinds of plants live without ever making contact with the soil. True42. Which plant organ helps to anchor them in the soil and absorb water and minerals? Roots43. Explain why the carnation changed colors in Experiment #2 in the Plant Circulation lab. The process of water moving through the vascular tiss ue of the plant. As the water moved through the flower it carried the dye with it.44. Lateral meristems are found in plants that exhibit ____ growth. Secondary45. The shoot system consists of the underground portion of the plant. False46. Secondary growth is an increase in the _____ of the plant. Width or girth47. _____ are members of the phylum _____ and feed by _____. Sea anemones †¦ Cnidaria †¦ using stinging cells to capture small animals that venture too close to them48. Planarians lack dedicated respiratory and circulatory systems because none of their cells are far removed from the gastrovascular cavity or from the external environment because they are flat.49. Annelids _____. have a mouth that is separate from the anus and segments50. A sponge's structural materials (spicules, spongin) are manufactured by the Amoebocytes51. In sponges which cell captures food? Choanocyte or collar cell52. In most insects, gas exchange is accomplished by _____. A tracheal system wit h spiracles, trachea, and tracheoles53. A land snail, a clam, and an octopus all share Membership in Phylum Mollusca54. A major characteristic of arthropods is _____. A chitinous exoskeleton and jointed appendages55. In arthropods, molting is necessary because _____.The hard exoskeleton cannot grow.56. Humans most frequently acquire trichinosis (infection by Trichinella spiralis) by Eating undercooked pork57. Which of the following describe(s) echinoderms? Tubefeet provide motility in most species58. Which clade in the phylum Cnidaria includes â€Å"jellies† with rounded (as opposed to boxlike) medusae? Scyphozoa59. Sponges are most accurately described as Aquatic filter feeders60. Sponges lack _____. All of the listed responses are correct.61. Consider the following list of animals: giant squid, earthworm, largemouth bass, snail, tapeworm, coral, and starfish.The two that belong to the same phylum are the _____, and their phylum is _____. giant squid and snail †¦ Mollus ca62. Corals are most closely related to which group? Sea anemones63. Which letter is pointing to the part of the flower that attracts insects? H64. Which letter is pointing to the stamen? A65. An unidentified species of animal displays the following characteristics: bilateral symmetry, a complete digestive system, an open circulatory system, distinct body segmentation, it has six jointed walking legs, and it molts when it grows.To which of the following animal phyla does this species most likely belong? Arthropoda66. Jellies and corals are members of the same _____, all members of which _____. phylum †¦ have special stinging cells on their tentacles67. A terrestrial mollusc without a shell would be called a _____. Slug68. Leeches are members of the phylum _____. Annelida69. Tapeworms are highly specialized worms that make their living as endoparasites. To which of the following phyla do the tapeworms belong? Phylum Platyhelminthes70. Sponges feed by _____. Filtering small part icles from water Read also Lab 2 Biology71. An active marine predator is found possessing these characteristics: a series of tentacles (eight of them modified from the foot) on its head, a highly developed nervous system, and elaborate eyes. To which of the following animal classes does this organism most likely belong? Cephalopoda72. List the four key characteristics of chordates. Notochord Dorsal hollow nerve cord Muscular post anal tail Pharyngeal slits73. What is the single unique characteristic that distinguishes extant birds from other extant vertebrates? Feathers74. Most reptiles are ______ which means they cannot regulate their own body temperature.Cold-blooded and ectothermic75. How would you tell the difference between a reptile egg and a bird egg? The reptile egg will have a flexible leathery shell and the bird egg will have a hard shell.76. A sea star is an invertebrate. True77. If an animal has hair, feeds its young milk, an lays eggs it is a ______. monotreme platypus echidna spiny ante ater78. Why is the amniotic egg considered an important evolutionary breakthrough? It allows deposition of eggs in a terrestrial environment.79. Turtles are reptiles. True80. What is the main difference between the skeleton of a shark and a trout?The shark has a skeleton made of cartilage, while a trout has a skeleton made of bone.81. Sharks are classified in which class? Chondrichthyes82. Birds _____. Warm-blooded83. Chordates have ___________ symmetry. Bilateral84. The gill flap, or operculum, was an important adaptation for fish because it helps with _____. Maintaining a supply of action85. Which of these characteristics added most to vertebrate success in relatively dry environments? The shelled, amniotic egg86. A frog is an invertebrate. False87. Amphibians can lay their eggs on land without fear of them drying out because they lay eggs with a flexible shell.False88. The opossum is an example of a(n) _____ mammal. Marsupial89. Which of the following animals is an amphibian? Cae cilian90. A kangaroo or an opossum is a ______. Marsupial91. All mammals _____. Nourish their offspring through mammary glands92. The swim bladder of ray-finned fishes Provides for regulation of buoyancy.93. Habitat loss, the spread of a fungal disease, climate change, and pollution are causing severe population declines and extinction in _____. Amphibians94. Pick the example of the invertebrate chordate from the list below. Lancelet95. Some sharks are viviparous, which means that _____.The young develop within the female’s body.96. Which of the six major types of connective tissue has a rigid matrix that contains collagen and calcium salts? Bone97. In vertebrates the space between cells if filled with blood. False98. Tissues are composed of cells, and tissues functioning together make up Organs99. __________ animals generate heat by metabolism. Endothermic100. Food processing, absorption, and distribution in your body are mainly accomplished by the _____ systems. Digestive a nd circulatory101. Do hormone signals functions faster than nerve signals? No102. Ligaments are what kind of connective tissue? A type of fibrous connective tissue103. Positive feedback differs from negative feedback in that The positive feedback's effector responses are in the same direction as the initiating stimulus rather than opposite to it.104. Food moves along the digestive tract as the result of contractions by Smooth muscle105. Fibroblasts secrete Proteins for connective fibers106. Hormones _____. All of the listed responses are correct.107. __________ is the study of the biological functions an organism performs. Physiology108. EndothermyIs a characteristic of animals that have a fairly constant body temperature.109. What covers the outside of the body and lines the organs and cavities within the body? Epithelial tissue110. _____ feedback most directly maintains homeostasis because it _____. Negative †¦ tends to keep a system at a desirable â€Å"set point†111. Which of the following are connective tissues? Adipose tissue, cartilage, bone, and blood112. The cells lining the air sacs in the lungs make up a Simple squamous epithelium.113. Explain what happened to your egg or bone in lab this week, why it happened, and what caused it.The egg shell or bone softened and became flexible because the calcium salts were removed from the egg shell or bone by the vinegar (mild acid).114. Tendons connect bones at joints. False115. If we could only carry out digestion but not absorption we would die. True116. List the three major types of blood vessels. Arteries, veins, and capillaries117. When you shiver your muscular system is _____. Producing heat118. Interstitial fluid once it has entered the lymphatic vessels is called ____. Lymph119. Which system eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body? Urinary system120. Which type of muscle is voluntary?Skeletal121. Weight bearing exercise will do what for the skeleton? Strengthen it122. The organs that pr oduce sperm are the ovaries. False.123. When your body needs calcium for the blood where does it come from assuming the diet is inadequate? The bones or skeletal system.124. The organ level of structural organization comes before the tissue level of structural organization. False125. The integration and command center of the body is the _____. Central nervous system126. Which pigment is most responsible for dark skin color? Melanin127. One function of the integumentary system is to make vitamin _____. D128. The tube that leads into the lungs is called the ____. Trachea129. Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart? Arteries130. Which type of muscle would propel food through the digestive tract? Smooth131. Place the following regions of the skin in the correct order from top (most superficial) to bottom (deepest). Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis132. List the two components of the central nervous system. Brain and spinal cord133. The digestive process depends on _____ . Enzymes134. The kidneys are part of which system? Urinary135. The body system that forms the external body covering is called the ____ system.Integumentary136. What kinds of cells does the skeletal system make? Blood cells137. The system that returns interstitial fluid back to the blood is the ___ system. Lymphatic138. The liver is part of the digestive system. True 139. Mammary glands are specialized sweat glands that produce milk. True140. How are humans altering the carbon cycle? Burning fossil fuels141. The phosphorous cycle depends on the weathering of ____. Rock142. Herbivores eat ____. Plants143. The nitrogen cycle relies heavily on ____. Bacteria144. Fertilizer use will alter the nitrogen cycle balance. True145.The competitive exclusion principle states that two species cannot coexist in a community if their niches are identical. True146. Deforestation and herbicide use will increase the loss of nutrients from the soil. True147. Which type of consumer preys on the producer s? Primary consumer148. Acid rain will remove calcium from the soil just like it removed calcium from the egg or bone in lab. True149. What drives the global water cycle? Solar energy150. Competition may limit the growth of both species involved. True151. A ______ includes all the organisms inhabiting a particular area. Community152. The type of symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and the other is not significantly affected is called ____. Commensalism153. The gradual colonization of barren rocks is called _____. Primary succession154. ________ may occur when a shared resource is limited. Competition155. Which of the following trophic levels would have the lowest population size? Tertiary consumer156. What two processes does the carbon cycle depend on? Cellular respiration and photosynthesis157. Energy flows into ecosystems in the form of _____ and exits in the form of ______. Light energy, heat158. Which pH did the radish seeds grow best at? The radish seeds would ha ve grown best at a pH near neutral (pH 7)159. Predation can lead to adaptations like _______ and ________ such as poisons. Camouflage and chemical defenses160. Food chains interconnect forming _____. Food webs161. What process is essential for recycling nutrients in an ecosystem? Decomposition162. How much of the energy stored at each trophic level is available to the next level? 10%163. Thorns and poisons are a defense against ______. Herbivores164. List the three types of symbiotic relationships. Parasitism, commensalism, mutualism.165. Dams alter ecosystems both upstream and downstream. True166. Which type of resource cannot be replenished? Non-renewable167. _______ is the variety of life on earth. Biodiversity168. Wetlands filter pollution and limit flooding. True169. Modern farming practices reduce the loss of ____. Topsoil170. Alien species in an area can cause ____. Extinction171. Popcorn trees are an example of an alien species. True172. Desertification removes the base of t he food chain. True173. Light pollution can affect ecosystems. True174. ______ ______ produce greenhouse gases. Fossil Fuels